1815 Bali earthquake

1815 natural disaster in Indonesia 1815 Bali earthquake Indonesia #Indonesia Bali yes November 22, 1815 22:00-23:00 WITA w y 7.3Katalog Gempabumi Signifikan dan Dirasakan https://www.bmkg.go.id/gempabumi/katalog-gempabumi-signifikan.bmkg Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency 16 October 2021 25 July 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210725043658/https://www.bmkg.go.id/gempabumi/katalog-gempabumi-signifikan.bmkg dead 27 km 9 Flores back-arc thrust fault -8.0 115.0 inline,title Yes 11,453 deadPebriansyah Ariefana Bali Tsunami dan Gempa Besar Tengah Malam November 1815, Hancurkan Kerajaan Buleleng Bali Tsunami and Great Earthquake Midnight November 1815, Destroyed the Buleleng Kingdom https://bali.suara.com/read/2021/06/01/135259/bali-tsunami-dan-gempa-besar-tengah-malam-november-1815-hancurkan-kerajaan-buleleng?page=all 16 October 2021 SuaraBali.id 1 June 2021 The 1815 Bali earthquake occurred on November 22 between 22:00 and 23:00 local time (WITA), affecting the Bali Kingdom. The estimated moment magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck off the north coast of Bali at a shallow depth. It was assigned a maximum intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing severe damage in Buleleng and Tabanan. The earthquake caused a landslide and tsunami that killed 11,453 people. Geology Off the north coast of Bali is the Flores back-arc thrust fault, located in the back-arc region. It formed due to the convergence between the Sunda and Australian plates, accommodating compression. The two plates converge northward at a rate of 80 mm/yr, in which the Sunda megathrust takes 70 mm/yr of the movement. The remaining 10 mm/yr rate is accommodated by the Flores Back Arc Thrust Fault. It runs off the north coast of the Lesser Sunda Islands, in the Banda Sea.Achmad F. N. Sarjan Zulfakriza Zulfakriza Andri D. Nugraha Shindy Rosalia Shengji Wei Sri Widiyantoro Phil R. Cummins Muzli Muzl David P. Sahara Nanang T. Puspito Awali Priyono Haunan Afif Basilios Tsikouras Delineation of Upper Crustal Structure Beneath the Island of Lombok, Indonesia, Using Ambient Seismic Noise Tomography Frontiers in Earth Science 22 April 2021 9 269 10.3389/feart.2021.560428 2021FrEaS...9..269S https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/151064/2/feart-09-560428.pdf 16 October 2021 free 16 October 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211016052732/https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/151064/2/feart-09-560428.pdf dead The fault extends east–west for 800 km off the north coast of Bali to Wetar.Yang Xiaodong Singh Satish C. Tripathi Anand Did the Flores backarc thrust rupture offshore during the 2018 Lombok earthquake sequence in Indonesia? Geophysical Journal International 2020 221 2 758–768 10.1093/gji/ggaa018 free https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339508428 Geologists postulate the fault is divided into two segments; the 450 km-long Flores Thrust, and 450 km-long Wetar Thrust. Its origin has been attributed to several causes proposed by researchers; magmatic intrusion, gravitational sliding, reverse subduction or active spreading in the back-arc. It is a complex zone of thrust faults that are connected at depth. Earthquake characteristics The earthquake and tsunami is thought to be the result of a thrust fault rupture on the Flores back-arc thrust fault. The fault was the source of approximately 26 magnitude 6.0+ earthquakes since 1960. These earthquakes were calculated to be at depths of up to 40 km beneath the crust. It was also the source of the 1992 and 2018 earthquakes that caused many fatalities. The 1815 event is the earliest documented earthquake along the fault.Felix Raquel P. Judith A. Hubbard Kyle E. Bradley Karen H. Lythgoe Linlin Li Adam D. Switzer Tsunami hazard in Lombok and Bali, Indonesia, due to the Flores back-arc thrust Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2022 22 5 1665–1682 10.5194/nhess-22-1665-2022 2022NHESS..22.1665F 248899725 https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/22/1665/2022/ free 20.500.11820/4c931103-5dc4-462f-b358-9daf214ddb61 free Modelling of a moment magnitude 7.3 earthquake at 10 km depth could produce Modified Mercalli intensity VIII–IX along the north central and eastern parts of Bali. Modified Mercalli intensity V in Surabaya corresponded to the historical descriptions of the event.Indonesia's Historical Earthquakes Modelled examples for improving the national hazard map https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313607003 Geoscience Australia 10.11636/Record.2015.023 2015 GA2015/23 Ngoc Nguyen Griffin Jonathan Cipta Athanasius Cummins Phil R. On Lombok, the earthquake was felt VII. Damage The earthquake occurred at 22:00 local time. In Buleleng shaking was described as violent; then followed by aftershocks that persisted for an hour. Shaking was felt in Bima, Surabaya, and Lombok. A massive "explosion" was observed along the coastal ranges which triggered a landslide. The landslide buried Singaraja and Buleleng, resulting in at least 10,253 fatalities. A large On Lake Tamblingan, a fissure extended from Buleleng to Tabanan. This agitated the lake and caused flooding.Significant Earthquake Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1620 ngdc.noaa.gov NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 16 October 2021 These reported explosions were due to the mountainside collapsing during the earthquake. Heavy rainfall prior to the earthquake also destabalized these mountain slopes which contributed to the landslide. The landslide carried rocks 15 to 30 m across; it travelled down the Banyumala River and increased its volume while gathering river debris. Dutch official Bloemen Waanders reported the flow depth at 3 to 3.6 m while Gusti Panji Sakti said it was 6 to 12 m. According to Waanders, 17 villages were engulfed by the flow.Faral Audrey Lavigne Franck Sastrawan Wayan Jarrah Suryana I Gede Putu Eka Schrikker Alicia Pageh Made Made Atmaja Dewa Kesiman Made Windu Antara Malawani Mukhamad Ngainul Hadmoko Danang Sri Deadliest natural disaster in Balinese history in November 1815 revealed by Western and Indonesian written sources Natural Hazards 120 12011–12041 10.1007/s11069-024-06671-5 1887/4198376 free A destructive tsunami also washed onto the Balinese coast, killing an additional 1,200 people.Tsunami Event Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/615 ngdc.noaa.gov NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 16 October 2021 The tsunami was triggered by the flows entering the sea along the coast. It devastated several villages but no tsunami was reported on nearby Lombok and Java. Sakti estimated the tsunami run-up at 2 to 3 m. The coastal buildings of Buleleng harbor in Pabean District were swept away. See also List of historical earthquakes List of earthquakes in Indonesia 1917 Bali earthquake References Category:November 1815 Category:Earthquakes in Bali Category:1815 earthquakes Category:1815 in Southeast Asia Category:19th century in Indonesia Category:Tsunamis in Indonesia Category:1815 disasters Category:1810s disasters in Asia Category:19th-century disasters in Indonesia