1498

250px|thumb|February 9: Leonardo da Vinci completes his painting of The Last Supper. thumb|May 17: Vasco da Gama reaches India by sea and opens the first sea route between Europe and Asia. 1498 1498 Year 1498 (MCDXCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1498th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 498th year of the 2nd millennium, the 98th year of the 15th century, and the 9th and pre-final year of the 1490s decade. Events January–March January 28 – In a letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, who is also the Chancellor of the English treasury, King Henry VII of England formally authorizes, from his own funds, declares that "we, for certain considerations us especially moving, have given and granted unto our well-beloved John Calbot of the parts of Venice an annuity or annual rent of £20 sterling, to be had and yearly perceived from the Feast of the Annunciation of our Lady last past, during our pleasure, of our customs and subsidies growing in our port of Bristol by the hands of our customs there for the time being, at Michaelmas and Easter, by even portions.Raymond Beazley, John and Sebastian Cabot: The Discovery of North America (Burt Franklin, 1898) p.93 February 3 – King Henry grants John Cabot a royal patent for a second westward sea voyage toward North America, with hopes that Cabot will discover a seaward route to Asia. The patent declares that "By thiesee presentes geve and graunte to our well beloved John Kaboto, Venecian, sufficient auctorite and power that he may take at his pleasure vi englisshe shippes and theym convey and lede to the londe and Iles of late founde y the seid John in our name." The expedition launches in early May, but with fewer ships than promised.Marian Rengel, John Cabot: The Ongoing Search for a Westward Passage to Asia (Rosen Publishing Group, 2003) ISBN 9780823936267 February 9 – Leonardo da Vinci completes his painting The Last Supper, on the refectory wall of Milan's Santa Maria delle Grazie Convent.http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/leonardo-last-supper.html Leonardo's Last Supper Smart history presented by the Khan Academy 25 February 2014 15 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140215025349/http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/leonardo-last-supper.html dead Because the location is a thin exterior wall, the effects of humidity and moisture-retaining rock behind the wall begin to cause the painting to deteriorate. March 2 – Vasco da Gama visits Quelimane and Mozambique, in southeastern Africa. March 21 – In Friesland, in the Netherlands, during the ongoing civil war between the Vetkopers and Schieringers, the Schieringers seek out the help of Albrecht III, Duke of Saxony at the cost of losing Frisian independence.Mol Johannes A. The Frisian Popular Militias between 1480 and 1560 Amsterdam University Press 2022 9789463723671 1st Netherlands English April–June April 7 – Louis XII becomes the new King of France upon the death of his wife's brother, King Charles VIII. King Charles had struck his head on the top of a door frame while on his way to watch a tennis match at Amboise.Heiner Gillmeister, Tennis: A Cultural History (London: Leicester University Press, 1998) p. 21. (978-0718501471) April 14 – Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama reaches Malindi, in modern-day Kenya. May 17 – Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama arrives at Calicut (modern-day Kozhikode), India, becoming the first European to get there by sailing around Africa, thus discovering the maritime route to India. He finds a local Arab merchant who is able to interpret for him.https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/may20/da-gama-discovers-sea-route-india/ Da Gama Discovers a Sea Route to India 2014-04-29 National Geographic Society 2018-03-04 en May 21 – In England, the members of the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London are granted a trade monopoly with the Netherlands by King Henry VII "in return for the payment of £5,000" to the royal coffers.Busch Wilhelm Johnson Arthur H. 1992 https://www.google.com/books/edition/England_Under_the_Tudors/VDfbyesLFk0C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Merchant+Adventurers%22+%22May+1498%22&pg=PA244&printsec=frontcover England Under the Tudors: King Henry VII, 1485-1509 1 London A. D. Innes 244 May 23 – Girolamo Savonarola, ruler of Florence, is executed for criticizing the Pope. May 30 – Christopher Columbus sets out on his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere from Sanlúcar, Spain. May 27 – The formal coronation of King Louis XII in France takes place at the Reims Cathedral. May – In "early May", the John Cabot expedition departs from Bristol on a second expedition westward to find a sea route between England and Japan.Ian Wilson, John Cabot and the Matthew (Breakwater Books, 1996) p.40 ISBN 9781550811315 June 10 – The Battle of Laaksum is fought in Friesland in the Netherlands at Stavoren and Warns, bringing an end to the civil war fought for almost a century between the Vetkopers and Schieringers. The Scheringers are triumphant after agreeing to allow Albert III, Duke of Saxony to annex Friesland in return for Albert's protection. June 20 – Niccolò Machiavelli, who will later be the author of the influential political theory guide The Prince, is elected by the Great Council of Florence as the Secretary of the Second Chancellery of the Republic of Florence. June 30 – The Wiener Hofmusikkapelle, a forerunner of the Vienna Boys' Choir, is founded by order of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, instructing officials of the imperial court at Vienna to employ a vocal teacher (singing master), two bass singers and six boys.https://www.br-klassik.de/themen/klassik-entdecken/wiener-saengerknaben-gruendung-was-heute-geschah-30061498-100.html 30. Juni 1498 – Die Wiener Sängerknaben werden gegründet br-klassik.de 2022-06-30 2023-06-13 July–September July 31 – Columbus becomes the first European to visit the island of Trinidad. August 1 – Columbus discovers the mouth of the Orinoco at what is now Venezuela on the continent of South America, but does not enter. August 4 – Columbus begins eight days of exploring the Gulf of Paria between Trinidad and Venezuela. August 5 – Columbus lands on the Paria Peninsula,Bergreen Lawrence https://books.google.com/books?id=3Dyhtkk4VQcC Columbus: The Four Voyages, 1493–1504 Penguin New York 2011 978-1101544327 Laurence Bergreen 249 May 31, 2023 December 7, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231207012511/https://books.google.com/books?id=3Dyhtkk4VQcC live in what is now Venezuela in the first definitely recorded landing of Europeans on the mainland Americas. August 12 – Columbus concludes his exploration of Venezuela. September 20 – (Meiō 7, 2nd day of the 7th month) A massive earthquake, estimated centuries later as having been 8.6 magnitudehttps://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/7383 Global Significant Earthquake Database National Geophysical Data Center 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 10.7289/V5TD9V7K occurs off of the coast of the Japanese region of Nankaidō at about 8:00 in the morning.IISEE IISEE search page http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/utsu/utsuweq_bak_eng.html 6 January 2011 18 September 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130918042738/http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/utsu/utsuweq_bak_eng.html dead The resulting tsunami kills at least 5,000 people (and perhaps as many as 41,000)https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/146 Global Historical Tsunami Database National Geophysical Data Center 1974 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 10.7289/V5PN93H7Sahé Kaavje insightshub.in 2024-09-20 1498 Meiō earthquake https://insightshub.in/1498-meio-earthquake/ 2024-09-20 InsightsHub when it strikes Kamakura and the surrounding area in what is now Japan's Kanagawa Prefecture. The tsunami washes away a building that houses the Kotoku-in Buddhist temple, but spares the large bronze statue of the Buddha Amitābha. October–December October 28 – In the Chinese Empire, two days after being blamed by the Emperor Zhu Youcheng for bringing misfortunes to the Empire by having built a pavilion in the imperial gardens that disregarded feng shui principles, royal administrator Li Guang commits suicide. The Emperor's daughter Princess Taikang had died suddenly on October 1, and a fire had broken out in one of the palaces in Beijing's Forbidden City on October 26.Goodrich L. Carington Luther Carrington Goodrich Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368-1644 Fang Chaoying Fang Chao-ying Columbia University Press 1976 377 0-231-03801-1 New York October 31 – An-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qaitbay, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, is assassinated, and is succeeded by his uncle, the Vizier Abu Sa'id Qansuh. Egypt/3 History 9 Margoliouth David Samuel David Samuel Margoliouth 103 November 24 – In the Kingdom of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, Diego de Deza, Bishop of Jaén, is commissioned as the Grand Inquisitor for the Crown of Castile, the Kingdom of León, and for Granada. His power is expanded in September to include the rest of Spain.Diego de Deza y Tavera Real Academia de la Historia https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/5848/diego-de-deza-y-tavera Barquilla José Barrado November 26 – Pope Alexander VI orders the demolition of the historic Meta Romuli pyramid in Rome in order to clear the way for the building of the new road to the Tiber Bridge.Laura Petacco La Meta Romuli e il Therebintus Neronis Claudio Parisi Presicce Laura Petacco La Spina: dall’Agro vaticano a via della Conciliazione Gangemi Rome 2016 35 it 978-88-492-3320-9 December 17 – Eight months after ascending the throne, King Louis XII of France annuls his marriage to Jeanne de Valois after 22 years so that he can marry Anne, Duchess of Brittany.http://catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=686 St. Joan of Valois Catholic Online 26 October 2014 The King grants his former queen the title of the Duchess of Berry. Date unknown During the summer, the final Welsh revolt of the medieval era breaks out in Meirionnydd, North Wales; Harlech Castle is captured by the rebels before the revolt is suppressed.Smith J. Beverley 1966 Crown and Community in the Principality of North Wales in the Reign of Henry Tudor https://journals.library.wales/view/1073091/1074012/178#?xywh=-2003%2C-293%2C7002%2C4285 Welsh History Review 3 2 166-167Steven J. Gunn Linda Monckton Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales: Life, Death & Commemoration https://books.google.com/books?id=_5srAQAAIAAJ 2009 Boydell Press 978-1-84383-480-9 15 João Fernandes Lavrador and Pedro de Barcelos journey to Greenland; during their voyage, they discover the land which they name Labrador. Gun barrel rifling is invented in Augsburg, Bavaria. Births thumb|right|110px|Maarten van Heemskerck born 1 June January 31 – Tiberio Crispo, Italian clergyman (d. 1566) February 4 – George I of Württemberg-Mömpelgard (d. 1558) February 21 – Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland, English earl (d. 1549) February 25 – Francesco of Saluzzo, Marquess of Saluzzo (d. 1537) April 5 – Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, Italian condottiero (d. 1526) April 9 – Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine, French churchman (d. 1550) June 1 – Maarten van Heemskerck, Dutch painter (d. 1574)d June 30 – Wilhelm von Brandenburg, Archbishop of Riga (d. 1563) July 25 – Hernando de Aragón, Spanish Catholic archbishop (d. 1575) August 23 – Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal (d. 1500) August 24 – John, Hereditary Prince of Saxony, German prince (d. 1537) November 1 – Giovanni Ricci, Italian cardinal (d. 1574) November 15 – Eleanor of Austria, Queen of Portugal and France (d. 1558)Scottish Queens, 1034-1714 Marshall Rosalind K. 101 2003 Tuckwell Press December 1 – Giovanni Michele Saraceni, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1568) December 19 – Andreas Osiander, German Protestant theologian (d. 1552) date unknown Giulio Clovio, (Juraj Julije Klovic) Dalmatian miniaturist and illustrator (d. 1578) Anna of Masovia, Polish princess (d. 1557) Meera, Rajput princess (d. 1547) Sagara Taketō, Japanese retainer (d. 1551) Pier Paolo Vergerio, Italian religious reformer (d. 1565) Felix Manz, leader of the Swiss Anabaptists (d. 1527) Deaths February 4 – Antonio del Pollaiuolo, Italian painter (b. c. 1432) April 7 – King Charles VIII of France (b. 1470)Charles VIII king of France https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-VIII Encyclopedia Britannica 20 October 2020 en October 21, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201021041728/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-VIII live May 23 – Girolamo Savonarola, Italian religious reformer and ruler of Florence (b. 1452; executed)Oxford University Press Girolamo Savonarola: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide https://books.google.com/books?id=GvJb5hsJCeMC&pg=PA13 1 June 2010 Oxford University Press, USA 978-0-19-980953-0 13 January 6, 2021 April 29, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240429212820/https://books.google.com/books?id=GvJb5hsJCeMC&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=false live June 7 – Anđeo Zvizdović, Bosnian Franciscan friar and evangelist (b. c. 1420) July 14 – Gentile Budrioli, Italian astrologer and herbalist August 17 – John Scrope, 5th Baron Scrope of Bolton, English baron (b. 1437) August 23 – Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal, eldest daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (b. 1470)John Fraser Ramsey Spain: the Rise of the First World Power https://books.google.com/books?id=VBBpAAAAMAAJ 1973 Office for International Studies and Programs 978-0-8173-5704-7 299 January 6, 2021 April 29, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240429213049/https://books.google.com/books?id=VBBpAAAAMAAJ live September 14 – Giovanni il Popolano, Italian diplomat (b. 1467) September 16 – Tomás de Torquemada, Spanish Dominican friar and first Grand Inquisitor (b. 1420)Clayton J. Drees The Late Medieval Age of Crisis and Renewal, 1300-1500: A Biographical Dictionary https://books.google.com/books?id=8jDfydG6ReAC&pg=PA465 2001 Greenwood Publishing Group 978-0-313-30588-7 465 January 6, 2021 April 29, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240429213033/https://books.google.com/books?id=8jDfydG6ReAC&pg=PA465 live December 7 – Alexander Hegius von Heek, German humanist (b. c. 1443)Peter G. Bietenholz Thomas Brian Deutscher Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation https://books.google.com/books?id=hruQ386SfFcC&pg=RA1-PA173 1 January 2003 University of Toronto Press 978-0-8020-8577-1 173 January 6, 2021 April 29, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240429213004/https://books.google.com/books?id=hruQ386SfFcC&pg=RA1-PA173#v=onepage&q&f=false live December 19 – Jeanne de Laval, French noble (b. 1433) date unknown Tun Perak, Malay general and statesman Domenico Rosselli, Italian sculptor (b. c. 1439) probable – Johannes Martini, Flemish composer (b. c. 1440) References