1066 Granada massacre

Mass killing of Jews by Muslim mobs in modern-day Spain 37 10 37 N 3 35 24 W title June 2020The 1066 Granada massacre took place on 30 December 1066 (9 Tevet 4827; 10 Safar 459 AH) when a Muslim mob stormed the royal palace in Granada, in the Taifa of Granada,Molins 2010 34 killed and crucifiedNagdela (Nagrela), Abu Husain Joseph Ibn by Richard Gottheil, Meyer Kayserling, Jewish Encyclopedia. 1906 ed. the Jewish vizier Joseph ibn Naghrela, and massacred members of the city’s Jewish community. Lucien Gubbay Sunlight and Shadow: The Jewish Experience of Islam Other Press New York 80 1999 1-892746-69-7 Norman Roth Jews, Visigoths, and Muslims in Medieval Spain: Cooperation and Conflict E. J. Brill Netherlands 110 1994 90-04-09971-9 1066 Granada massacre Granada-Taifa of Granada 1066 Jewish inhabitants Unverified estimates of 4,000, including Joseph ibn Naghrela Andalusian mobs in Granada Antisemitism Massacre Upon being accused of the poisoning death of the son of the king, Joseph found himself in a dangerous situation.CATLOS BRIAN A. 2014 Accursed, Superior Men: Ethno-Religious Minorities and Politics in the Medieval Mediterranean https://archive.org/details/sim_comparative-studies-in-society-and-history_2014-10_56_4/page/844 Comparative Studies in Society and History 56 4 844–869 10.1017/S0010417514000425 43908317 145603557 0010-4175 In response, Joseph sent messengers to Al-Mutasim ibn Sumadih, the ruler of the neighboring Taifa of Almería, a traditional enemy of Granada. He promised to open the gates of the city to Al-Mutasim's army in return for his own installation as a subservient king. At the last moment, Al-Mutasim pulled out, and on the eve of the supposed invasion, news of the plot leaked out. When word reached the populace, they shouted that Joseph intended to kill King Badis and betray the kingdom. On 30 December 1066 (9 Tevet 4827), mobs stormed the royal palace where Joseph had sought refuge.The 1066 Granada Massacre https://horrorhistory.net/2017/12/30/the-1066-granada-massacre/ Tonin Sarah 2017-12-31 Horror History .net en 2020-05-01 The Jewish Encyclopaedia (1906) states Joseph was "hiding in a coal-pit, and having blackened his face so as to make himself unrecognizable. He was, however, discovered and killed, and his body was hanged on a cross." In the ensuing massacre of the Jewish population, many Jews of Granada were killed. The 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia claims that "More than 1,500 Jewish families, numbering 4,000 persons, fell in one day."Granada by Richard Gottheil, Meyer Kayserling, Jewish Encyclopedia. 1906 ed. However the 1971 edition does not give precise casualty figures.1971 Jewish EncyclopediaErika Spivakovsky 1971 The Jewish presence in Granada Journal of Medieval History 2 3 215–238 10.1016/0304-4181(76)90021-x The Encyclopaedia Judaica also confirms the figures: “According to a later testimony,Solomon ibn Verga, Shevet Yehudah, ed. A. Shochat (1947), p. 22. "more than 1,500 householders" were killed".Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2007, vol. 8, p. 32. Joseph's wife fled to Lucena, Córdoba, with her son Azariah, where she was supported by the community. Azariah, however, died in early youth. According to the Orientalist Bernard Lewis, the massacre is "usually ascribed to a reaction among the Muslim population against a powerful and ostentatious Jewish vizier”. Lewis Bernard Bernard Lewis The Jews of Islam 1984 1987 Princeton University Press Princeton New Jersey 978-0-691-00807-3 17588445 54 84042575 Lewis writes: Particularly instructive in this respect is an ancient anti-Jewish poem by Abu Ishaq, written in Granada in 1066. This poem, which is said to be instrumental in provoking the anti-Jewish outbreak of that year, contains these specific lines: Do not consider it a breach of faith to kill them, the breach of faith would be to let them carry on. They have violated our covenant with them, so how can you be held guilty against the violators? How can they have any pact when we are obscure and they are prominent? Now we are humble, beside them, as if we were wrong and they were right! Lewis Bernard Bernard Lewis The Jews of Islam 1984 1987 Princeton University Press Princeton, N.J. 978-0-691-00807-3 17588445 44–45 84042575 Lewis continues: "Diatribes such as Abu Ishaq's and massacres such as that in Granada in 1066 are of rare occurrence in Islamic history". The episode has been characterized as a pogrom. Walter Laqueur writes, "Jews could not as a rule attain public office (as usual there were exceptions), and there were occasional pogroms, such as in Granada in 1066". Laqueur Walter Walter Laqueur The changing face of antisemitism: from ancient times to the present day 2006 Oxford University Press New York, New York 978-0-19-530429-9 62127914 68 2005030491 registration https://archive.org/details/changingfaceofan00laqu/page/68 See also Timeline of Jewish history Timeline of anti-Semitism List of massacres in Spain Sources Constable, Olivia Remie, Medieval Iberia: Readings from Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Sources. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. 978-0-812-22168-8 References 30em Bibliography Munk, Notice sur Abou'l Walid, pp. 94 et seq.; Dozy, R. Geschichte der Mauren in Spanien, German ed., ii. 300 et seq.; Grätz, Geschichte vi. 55 et seq., 415 et seq.; Ersch & Gruber, Encyclopedia section ii., part 31, p. 86.; http://universitypublishingonline.org/cambridge/histories/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139056151 The Western Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries Molins Viguera-Molins Cambridge University Press 2010 9780521200943 Fierro Maribel Maribel Fierro The New Cambridge History of Islam 2 Cambridge University Press Al-Andalus and the Maghrib (from the fifth/eleventh century to the fall of the Almoravids) Medieval Sourcebook: Abraham Ibn Daud: On Samuel Ha-Nagid, Vizier of Granada, 11 Cent Nagdela (Nagrela), Abu Husain Joseph Ibn by Richard Gottheil, Meyer Kayserling, Jewish Encyclopedia. 1906 ed. Nagdela (Nagrela), abu Ḥusain Joseph ibn Richard Gottheil Richard Gottheil Meyer Kayserling Meyer Kayserling https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11271-nagdela-nagrela-abu-husain-joseph-ibn 9 142 Category:11th century in al-Andalus Category:11th-century massacres Category:Antisemitism in Spain Category:1066 conflicts Category:Lynching deaths in Europe Category:1066 in Europe Category:Massacres in Spain Category:Medieval anti-Jewish pogroms Category:Taifa of Granada Category:Islam and antisemitism Category:Massacres of Jews Category:Anti-Jewish pogroms in Europe Category:Crucifixion Category:Battles involving Zirids of Granada