1853–54 Massachusetts gubernatorial election

none January 2025 September 2023 1853–54 Massachusetts gubernatorial election Massachusetts presidential No 1852 Massachusetts gubernatorial election 1852 1854 Massachusetts gubernatorial election 1854 1853 11 14 (popular election)1854 1 9 (legislative vote) x150px Popular election Senate vote File:EmoryWashburn.jpg Emory Washburn Whig Party (United States) 29 59,224 45.94% File:3x4.svg Bradford L. Wales National Democratic 6699cc 0 5,477 4.25% File:3x4.svg Henry W. Bishop Democratic Party (United States) 35,086 27.22% File:Hon. Henry Wilson, Mass - NARA - 528305 (5x7 crop).jpg Henry Wilson Free Soil Party 29,020 22.51% 1853 Massachusetts gubernatorial election results map by county.svg Popular election results by countyWashburn: #d7c477 40–50% #c0a32f 50–60% #a88600 60–70%Bishop: #b4c7ec 40–50%Wilson: #ddf0ca 30–40% Governor John H. Clifford Whig Party (United States) Emory Washburn Whig Party (United States) The 1853–54 Massachusetts gubernatorial election consisted of an initial popular held on November 14, 1853, which was followed by a legislative vote that was conducted on January 9, 1854, which elected Whig Party nominee Emory Washburn. The ultimate task of electing the governor had been placed before the Massachusetts General Court because no candidate received the majority of the vote required for a candidate to be elected through the popular election. Whig Governor John H. Clifford declined to run for a second term in office. Emory Washburn won the race to succeed him. Because no candidate received a majority of the vote, the legislature selected Washburn as the winner. This was the last time that the legislature elected the governor of Massachusetts, as the popular majority requirement was removed from the Constitution of Massachusetts in 1855. This was also the last election in which the Free Soil Party was a major factor; it was effectively supplanted by the Republican Party in 1854. Background 1853 constitutional convention Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1853 The election was dominated by the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1853, which proposed a new constitution for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The primary debate at the convention, held from May 4 to August 2, was over the system of representational apportionment used in the House of Representatives. The debates notably saw the Whigs adopt a strategy of constitutional reform, a reversal from their historical record of conservative retrenchment. The Whig positions, calculated to enhance their urban majority, included equal representation, plurality elections, popular election of executive officers, elimination of the general ticket system in favor of ward representation for municipal elections, and abolition of the poll tax.Mulkern 1990 53 The Democratic-Free Soil majority stood in support of the disproportionate representation of their agrarian base. Free Soiler Francis W. Bird remarked, "I thought I came here as one of the progressives in company with a majority of this Convention, but I find that we have all turned to the 'right-about-face.' The conservatives are on the engine, and the radicals are on the brake."Mulkern 1990 53 General election Candidates Henry W. Bishop, judge of the Court of Common Pleas (Democratic) Bradford L. Wales (National Democratic)The regular State Democratic Convention [...] https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84031524/1853-09-30/ed-1/seq-3/ The Liberator September 30, 1853 A Convention of 'National Democrats' was held in the lower hall of the Tremont Temple, of all Democrats who are opposed to a coalition with the Free Soil party. [...] Hon. BRADFORD L. WALES, of Randolph, was nominated for Governor.Defining His Position https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83021205/1853-10-08/ed-1/seq-2/ Worcester Daily Spy October 8, 1853 Emory Washburn, attorney and former state senator (Whig) Henry Wilson, former president of the Massachusetts Senate (Free Soil) Campaign Consistent with their new positions following the constitutional convention, the Whig convention at Fitchburg in September resolved in favor of equal representation, the plurality system, expansion of elective offices, abolition of debtors' prison, elimination of the poll tax, and synchronization of state and national elections. Several Whig candidates even embraced the ten-hour day, the focus of their opposition as recently as 1851.Mulkern 1990 53–54 The Democratic convention, seeking to maintain an edge with social reformers, adopted a platform more aggressively favoring labor rights than any ever taken by the party prior to the American Civil War. It included resolutions denouncing corporations for depressing wages, compelling excessive hours from employees, and blacklisting labor organizers.Mulkern 1990 54 The convention scrambled political coalitions in the commonwealth; anti-Coalition, anti-prohibition, national Democrats fielded a separate ticket for the second consecutive year and a number of prominent Free Soilers including Charles Francis Adams Sr., John G. Palfrey, and Samuel Hoar opposed the new constitution. Catholic press also denounced the proposed constitution, which included a measure to block public funds from sectarian schools.Mulkern 1990 54 On the eve of the election, U.S. Attorney General Caleb Cushing issued a statement enjoining Democrats from further cooperation with anti-slavery forces or suffer the loss of federal patronage.Mulkern 1990 54 Results 1853 Massachusetts gubernatorial electionDubin Michael J. United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County McFarland & Company 2003 9780786414390 Jefferson 118 Whig Party (United States) Emory Washburn 59,224 45.94% 0.99 Democratic Party (United States) Henry W. Bishop 35,086 27.22% 0.78 Free Soil Party (United States) Henry Wilson 29,020 22.51% 4.03 National Democratic #6699CC Bradford L. Wales 5,477 4.25% 3.99 114 0.09% 0.05 128,921 100.00% Legislative vote The Massachusetts House of Representatives certified the popular returns on January 9. Emory Washburn was the first candidate nominated for Governor with 187 votes. On a second ballot, Bradford Wales was nominated with 156 votes. In the Senate, Washburn defeated Wales with 29 out of 30 votes.The Massachusetts Register for the Year 1854 1855 40–41The Senate was composed of 30 members, all of whom were in attendance. However, the source does not make clear whether the remaining Senator cast his vote for Wales or abstained. See also 1853 Massachusetts legislature Notes References Bibliography Mulkern John The Know-Nothing Party in Massachusetts: The Rise and Fall of a People's Movement 1990 Northeastern University Press Boston gubernatorial Category:Massachusetts gubernatorial elections Massachusetts Category:November 1853 Massachusetts gubernatorial