1904–05 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 January 2025 1904–05 United States Senate elections United States 1896 legislative no 1902–03 United States Senate elections 1902 & 1903 1906–07 United States Senate elections 1906 & 1907 Class 1 1898–99 United States Senate elections 1898 & 1899 1910–11 United States Senate elections 1910 & 1911 30 of the 90 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections) 46 January 19, 1904 –April 20, 1905 Seats up 160x180px Republican Party (US) William B. Allison - Brady-Handy.jpg William B. Allison March 4, 1897 Iowa 22 57 57 23 Democratic Party (US) Arthur Pue Gorman.jpg Arthur P. Gorman(retired) March 4, 1903 Maryland 5 33 32 1 7 Majority Party Republican Party (US) Republican Party (US) 380px 320px Results of the elections:#0671B0 Democratic gain #92C5DE Democratic hold#CA0120 Republican gain #F48882 Republican hold#000000 Legislature failed to elect The 1904–05 United States Senate elections were elections for the United States Senate between January 19, 1904, and April 20, 1905, coinciding with President Theodore Roosevelt's landslide election to a full term and the 1904 House of Representatives elections. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1904 and 1905, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1. Events of the election The party share of seats remained roughly the same, when including vacancies and appointments, and the Republicans retained a significant majority over the Democrats. Special elections were held in Indiana and Massachusetts, in the former due to the ascension of Charles Fairbanks to the Vice Presidency and in the latter due to the death of longtime Senator George Hoar. In Georgia, the legislature failed to elect until shortly after the beginning of the 59th Congress on March 4. In Delaware the legislature deadlocked and did not elect a senator until June 1906. Results summary Senate party division, 59th Congress (1905–1907) Majority party: Republican (58) Minority party: Democratic (32) Other parties: (0) Total seats: 90 Shifts in party control post-election Despite legislative deadlocks and the long periods of vacancy in some states, the Republican Party's dominance in the Senate was further solidified in these elections. The party's strong performance in the Senate mirrored President Theodore Roosevelt's landslide victory in the 1904 presidential election. This continuity of Republican control in both the executive and legislative branches contributed to the implementation of Roosevelt's progressive policies, such as trust-busting and railroad regulation, further cementing the party's influence during the early 20th century. Change in Senate composition Before the elections At the beginning of 1904. D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 R56Retired R57Retired D33Retired D32Ran D31Ran D30Ran D29Ran D28Ran D27Ran D26 R55Retired R54Retired R53Retired R52Retired R51Ranbut died R50Ran R49Ran R48Ran R47Ran R46Ran Majority → R36Ran R37Ran R38Ran R39Ran R40Ran R41Ran R42Ran R43Ran R44Ran R45Ran R35Ran R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Result of the general elections D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 R56Gain V1R Loss V2D Loss V3D Loss D31Gain D30Re-elected D29Re-elected D28Re-elected D27Re-elected D26 R55Hold R54Hold R53Hold R52Hold R51Hold R50Hold R49Hold R48Re-elected R47Re-elected R46Re-elected Majority → R36Re-elected R37Re-elected R38Re-elected R39Re-elected R40Re-elected R41Re-elected R42Re-elected R43Re-elected R44Re-elected R45Re-elected R35Re-elected R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Beginning of the next Congress D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 R56 V1 V2 D32Appointed D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 R55 R54 R53 R52 R51 R50 R49 R48 R47 R46 Majority → R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 R45 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Key: D# Democratic R# Republican V# Vacant Race summaries Elections during the 58th Congress Special elections In these elections, the winners were seated during 1904 or in 1905 before March 4; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Ohio(Class 1) Mark Hanna Republican 1897 (appointed)1898 (special)1898 Incumbent died February 15, 1904.New senator elected March 2, 1904.The New York Times March 3, 1904 9 GEN. DICK SUCCEEDS HANNA https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/03/03/101143632.htmlRepublican hold.Winner was also elected to the next term; see below. Republican Party (US) Charles W. F. Dick (Republican) 174 Democratic Party (US)John Hessin Clarke (Democratic) 25 Pennsylvania(Class 1) Matthew Quay Republican 188718931899 (failure to elect)1899 (appointed; disqualified)1901 (special) Incumbent died May 28, 1904.New senator elected January 17, 1905.January 2021Republican hold.Winner was also elected to the next term; see below. Republican Party (US) Philander C. Knox (Republican) 100% Massachusetts(Class 2) Winthrop M. Crane Republican 1904 (appointed) Interim appointee elected January 18, 1905. Republican Party (US) Winthrop M. Crane (Republican) February 2020 In this election, the winner was seated March 4, 1905. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Indiana(Class 3) Charles W. Fairbanks Republican 18971903 Incumbent resigned March 3, 1905, to become U.S. Vice President.New senator elected January 18, 1905 to begin service on the first day of the new Congress.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) James A. Hemenway (Republican) 100% Early elections In these elections, the winners were seated March 4, 1907, in the 60th Congress; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Mississippi(Class 2) Anselm J. McLaurin Democratic 1894 (special)1900 Incumbent re-elected early January 19, 1904. Democratic Party (US) Anselm J. McLaurin (Democratic) UnopposedTribune Almanac 1905 234 Louisiana(Class 2) Murphy J. Foster Democratic 1900 Incumbent re-elected early May 18, 1904.76 Official Journal of the Proceedings of House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana at the Regular Session of the General Assembly 1904 https://books.google.com/books?id=pmJBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA76 Democratic Party (US) Murphy J. Foster (Democratic) 148 Unopposed Races leading to the 59th Congress In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1905; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history California Thomas R. Bard Republican 1900 Incumbent lost renomination.New senator elected January 11, 1905.The World Almanac and Encyclopedia 1906 https://archive.org/details/worldalmanacand00unkngoog The Press Publishing Co. New York World New York 1905 108 Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Frank Flint (Republican) 111 Democratic Party (US)Theodore Arlington Bell (Democratic) 8 Connecticut Joseph R. Hawley Republican 188118871893 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 17, 1905. The New York Times January 18, 1905 BULKELEY IN CONNECTICUT 2 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/01/18/101406800.html?zoom=17Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Morgan Bulkeley (Republican) 228 Democratic Party (US)A. Heaton Robertson (Democratic) 37 Delaware L. Heisler Ball Republican 1903 (special) Incumbent retired.Legislature failed to elect.Republican loss.Seat remained vacant until June 13, 1906. Republican Party (US)J. Edward Addicks (Union Republican) Democratic Party (US)Willard Saulsbury Jr. (Democratic) Republican Party (US)Henry A. du Pont (Republican) Democratic Party (US)James H. Hughes (Democratic) Florida James Taliaferro Democratic 1899 (special) Legislature failed to elect.Democratic loss.Incumbent would be appointed to start the term.Appointee was later elected to finish the term; see below. February 2020 Indiana Albert J. Beveridge Republican 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. Republican Party (US) Albert J. Beveridge (Republican) Unopposed Maine Eugene Hale Republican 1881188718931899 Incumbent re-elected. Journal of the Senate of the State of Maine, 72nd Legislature Kennebec Journal Print Augusta 1905 https://lldc.mainelegislature.org/Open/Journals/Senate/SJ1905.pdf 81 Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Maine, 72nd Legislature Kennebec Journal Print Augusta 1905 https://lldc.mainelegislature.org/Open/Journals/House/HJ1905.pdf 75–77 First ballot (January 17, 1905) Republican Party (US) Eugene Hale (Republican) 101 H Maine House of Representatives; 24 S Maine Senate Democratic Party (US)Lindley Murray Staples (Democratic) 22 H Maine House of Representatives; 4 S Maine Senate UnknownAbsent 28 H Maine House of Representatives; 3 S Maine Senate Maryland Louis E. McComas Republican 1898 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected February 4, 1904.Democratic gain. Democratic Party (US) Isidor Rayner (Democratic) 70.49% Republican Party (US)Louis E. McComas (Republican) 29.51% Massachusetts Henry Cabot Lodge Republican 18931899 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. Republican Party (US) Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) 198ELECTED LODGE AND W.M. CRANE Boston Daily Globe 18 Jan 1905 2 Democratic Party (US)William A. Gaston (Democratic) 72 Michigan Julius C. Burrows Republican 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. Republican Party (US) Julius C. Burrows (Republican) Unopposed Minnesota Moses E. Clapp Republican 1901 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. Republican Party (US) Moses E. Clapp (Republican) Unopposed Mississippi Hernando Money Democratic 1897 (appointed)1899 Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1904. The New York Times January 20, 1904 5 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/01/20/101162739.pdf Re-elect Senators McLaurin and Money Democratic Party (US) Hernando Money (Democratic) Unopposed Missouri Francis Cockrell Democratic 18741881188718931899 Incumbent lost re-election.Legislature failed to elect.Democratic loss. Republican Party (US)William Warner (Republican) Democratic Party (US)Francis Cockrell (Democratic) Republican Party (US)Thomas K. Niedringhaus (Republican) Montana Paris Gibson Democratic 1901 (special) Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 16, 1905.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Thomas H. Carter (Republican) 62 Democratic Party (US)W. C. Conrad (Democratic) 28 Fusion Party (South Dakota)Martin Dee (Fusion) 6 Scattering 6 Nebraska Charles H. Dietrich Republican 1901 (special) Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 17, 1905.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Elmer Burkett (Republican) 92.19% Democratic Party (US)Richard Lee Metcalfe (Democratic) 7.03% Republican Party (US)Alfred Sorenson (Republican) 0.78% Nevada William M. Stewart Republican 188718931899 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 25, 1905.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) George S. Nixon (Republican) 31 Democratic Party (US)John Sparks (Democratic) 25 New Jersey John Kean Republican 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 2, 1905. Republican Party (US) John Kean (Republican) Unopposed New York Chauncey Depew Republican 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. Republican Party (US) Chauncey Depew (Republican) 136 Democratic Party (US)Smith M. Weed (Democratic) 57 North Dakota Porter J. McCumber Republican 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. Republican Party (US) Porter J. McCumber (Republican) Unopposed Ohio Mark Hanna Republican 1897 (appointed)1898 (special)1898 Incumbent re-elected, but died February 15, 1904.New senator elected March 2, 1904.Republican hold.Winner was also elected to finish the term; see above. Republican Party (US) Charles W. F. Dick (Republican) 174 Democratic Party (US)John Hessin Clarke (Democratic) 25 Pennsylvania Philander C. Knox Republican 1904 (appointed)1905 (special) Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. Republican Party (US) Philander C. Knox (Republican) 225 Democratic Party (US)James Knox Polk Hall (Democratic) 25 Rhode Island Nelson W. Aldrich Republican 1881 (special)188618921898 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905. Republican Party (US) Nelson W. Aldrich (Republican) 93 Democratic Party (US)George W. Greene (Democratic) 17 Tennessee William B. Bate Democratic 1887 1893 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1905. Democratic Party (US) William B. Bate (Democratic) Republican Party (US)Walter P. Brownlow (Republican) Texas Charles A. Culberson Democratic 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905. Democratic Party (US) Charles A. Culberson (Democratic) Unopposed Utah Thomas Kearns Republican 1901 (special) Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 18, 1905.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) George Sutherland (Republican) 57 Democratic Party (US)William H. King (Democratic) 6 Vermont Redfield Proctor Republican 1891 (appointed)1892 (special)18921898 Incumbent re-elected October 18, 1904. The New York Times October 19, 1904 SENATOR PROCTOR RE-ELECTED 1 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/10/19/120272273.pdf Republican Party (US) Redfield Proctor (Republican) 205 Democratic Party (US)John H. Senter (Democratic) 31 Virginia John W. Daniel Democratic 188718931899 Incumbent re-elected January 26, 1904.Tribune Almanac 1905 234 Democratic Party (US) John W. Daniel (Democratic) Unopposed Washington Addison G. Foster Republican 1899 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected January 27, 1905.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Samuel H. Piles (Republican) 125 Republican Party (US)Addison G. Foster (Republican) 2 Democratic Party (US)George Turner (Democratic) 6 West Virginia Nathan B. Scott Republican 1899 Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905. Republican Party (US) Nathan B. Scott (Republican) 82 Democratic Party (US)John T. McGraw (Democratic) 27 Wisconsin Joseph V. Quarles Republican 1899 Incumbent lost renomination.New senator elected January 25, 1905.The New York Times 5 January 25, 1905 Gov. La Follette Elected Senator https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/01/25/101319752.htmlRepublican hold. Republican Party (US) Robert M. La Follette (Republican) 82.11% Democratic Party (US) Martin L. Lueck (Democratic) 12.20% Socialist Party of America Victor L. Berger (Socialist) 4.07% Republican Party (US) Joseph V. Quarles (Republican) 1.63% Wyoming Clarence D. Clark Republican 1895 (special)1899 Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905.The New York Times 5 January 25, 1905 Clark Returned for Another Term https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/01/25/101319751.html Republican Party (US) Clarence D. Clark (Republican) Unopposed Elections during the 59th Congress In these elections, the winners were elected in 1905 after March 4; sorted by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Missouri(Class 1) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.New senator elected March 18, 1905.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) William Warner (Republican) 91 Democratic Party (US)Francis Cockrell (Democratic) 83 Republican Party (US)Thomas K. Niedringhaus (Republican) 1 Tennessee(Class 1) William B. Bate Democratic 1887189318991905 Incumbent died March 9, 1905, having just been re-elected.New senator elected March 21, 1905.Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) James B. Frazier (Democratic) Republican Party (US)Walter P. Brownlow (Republican) Florida(Class 1) James Taliaferro Democratic 1899 (special)1905 (appointed) Legislature had failed to elect.Incumbent was appointed to begin the term.Interim appointee elected April 20, 1905. Democratic Party (US) James Taliaferro (Democratic) February 2020 Connecticut(Class 3) Orville H. Platt Republican 18791885189118971903 Incumbent died April 21, 1905.New senator elected May 10, 1905.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Frank B. Brandegee (Republican) 227 Democratic Party (US)Henry A. Bishop (Democratic) 34 Maryland List of United States senators from Maryland November 2022 1904 United States Senate election in Maryland 80 B0CEFF 70.49% Democratic Party (United States) Isidor Rayner Isidor Rayner standing photograph portrait.jpg 36 FFB6B6 29.51 Republican Party (United States) Louis E. McComas Louis e mccomas.jpg 1910 1910 United States Senate election in Maryland 1898 1898 United States Senate election in Maryland 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Legislative February 9, 1904 presidential Isidor Rayner defeated incumbent Louis E. McComas by a margin of 40.98%, or 50 votes, for the Class 1 seat.https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=111380 Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Feb 04, 1904 2022-11-05 www.ourcampaigns.com New York 1905 United States Senate election in New York List of United States senators from New York 1904 United States House of Representatives elections in New York The 1905 election in New York was held on January 17, 1905, by the New York State Legislature. Republican Chauncey M. Depew had been elected to this seat in 1899, and his term would expire on March 3, 1905. At the state election in November 1904, large Republican majorities were elected for a two-year term (1905–1906) in the State Senate, and for the session of 1905 to the Assembly. The 128th State Legislature met on January 3, 1905, at Albany, New York. Late in 1904, ex-Governor Frank S. Black tried to be nominated to succeed Depew. Black was supported by Governor Benjamin B. Odell Jr., but after intense fighting behind the scenes, Odell finally dropped Black and accepted Depew's re-election, which had been supported by his fellow Senator Thomas C. Platt and Speaker S. Frederick Nixon. The Republican caucus met on January 16. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Chauncey M. Depew unanimously. The Democratic caucus met also on January 16. They nominated again Smith M. Weed who had been the candidate of the Democratic minority in the U.S. Senate election of 1887. +1905 Democratic caucus for United States Senator result Candidate First ballot Smith M. Weed 42 D. Cady Herrick 14 Chauncey M. Depew was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected. +1905 United States Senator election result Office House Republican Democrat State Senate (50 members) Chauncey M. Depew 36 Smith M. Weed 13 State Assembly (150 members) Chauncey M. Depew 100 Smith M. Weed 44 Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result. Pennsylvania 1905 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania List of United States senators from Pennsylvania 1904 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania The election in Pennsylvania was held on January 17, 1905. Incumbent Philander C. Knox was elected by the Pennsylvania State Assembly to his first full term in the United States Senate.U.S. Senate Election - 17 January 1905 http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1905.pdf Wilkes University December 24, 2012 Republican Matthew Quay was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate in the previous election in January 1901. He served until his death on May 28, 1904.QUAY, Matthew Stanley, (1833–1904) http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=Q000006 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress December 24, 2012 In June 1904, Republican Philander C. Knox was appointed to serve out the remainder of Quay's term, ending on March 4, 1905, when he began a term in his own right.KNOX, Philander Chase, (1853–1921) http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000296 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress December 24, 2012 The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate, convened on January 17, 1905, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1905. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows: State Legislature resultsPA US Senate - 1905 http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=345205 OurCampaigns December 22, 2012 Republican Party (US) Philander C. Knox (incumbent) 222 87.40 Democratic Party (US) James K. P. Hall 23 9.06 N/A Not voting 9 3.54 |- | colspan=3 align=right | Totals | align=right | 254 | align=right | 100.00% |} See also 1904 United States elections 1904 United States presidential election 1904 United States House of Representatives elections 58th United States Congress 59th United States Congress Notes 30em References Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1905 The Tribune Association New York 1905 Tribune Almanac 1905 233–234 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015065116793;seq=249 Rhoades Henry Eckford McPherson Edward Schem A. J. Ottarson F. J. Cleveland John F. Greeley Horace The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1906 The Tribune Association New York 1906 Tribune Almanac 1906 244–246 https://books.google.com/books?id=-kkVQqbV82wC&pg=PA244 New York https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/11/23/100479101.pdf BLACK AND DEPEW SEE ODELL ON SENATORSHIP The New York Times November 23, 1904 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/12/16/120273742.pdf ODELL FOR BLACK; OPEN WAR BEGINS The New York Times December 16, 1904 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/12/18/120290356.pdf BLACK NOW A CANDIDATE, HIS ORGAN DECLARES The New York Times December 18, 1904 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/12/30/101174295.pdf ODELL YIELDS TO DEPEW; SENATORSHIP FIGHT ENDS The New York Times December 30, 1904 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/01/17/100481113.pdf DEPEW NAMED FOR SENATOR.; ...S.M. Weed Democratic Nominee The New York Times January 17, 1905 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/01/18/101406799.pdf ANOTHER TERM FOR DEPEW The New York Times January 18, 1905 Pennsylvania: Cox Harold Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project Wilkes University January 31, 2007 http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox