1780 in science

none thumb 1780 science 1780 The year 1780 in science and technology involved some significant events. Biology Clément Joseph Tissot publishes Gymnastique médicinale et chirurgicale, ou, essai sur l'utilité du mouvement, ou des différens exercices du corps, et du repos dans la cure des malades in Paris, the first text on the therapeutic benefits of physical exercise. Lazzaro Spallanzani publishes Dissertationi di fisica animale e vegetale, first interpreting the process of animal digestion as a chemical process in the stomach, by action of gastric juice. He also carries out important researches on animal fertilization. Chemistry Lactose is identified as a sugar by Carl Wilhelm Scheele.Scheele, Carl Wilhelm (1780). "Om Mjölk och dess syra" (About milk and its acid), Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar (New Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science), 1 : 116-124. From page 116: "Det år bekant, at Ko-mjölk innehåller Smör, Ost, Mjölk-såcker, ... " (It is known, that cow's milk contains butter, cheese, milk-sugar, ... ); "Om Mjölk-Såcker-Syra" (On milk-sugar acid), Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar (New Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science), 1 : 269-275. From pages 269–270: "Mjölk-Såcker år et sal essentiale, som uti Mjölken finnes uplöst, och som, för dess sötaktiga smak skull, fått namn af såcker." (Milk sugar is an essential salt, which is found dissolved in milk, and which, on account of its sweet taste, has the name of "sugar".) Physics Jean-Paul Marat publishes Recherches physiques sur le feu (Research into the Physics of Fire) and Découvertes de M. Marat sur la lumière (Mr Marat's Discoveries on Light). History of science Dr John Aikin publishes his Biographical Memoirs of Medicine in Great Britain, the first English language historical dictionary of physicians. Technology Aimé Argand invents the Argand lamp.Wolfe John J. Brandy, Balloons, & Lamps: Ami Argand, 1750-1803 Carbondale Southern Illinois University Press 1999 0-8093-2278-1 Thomas Earnshaw devises the spring detent escapement for marine chronometers.Earnshaw's Chronometer Escapement http://www.antique-watch.com/ref/e_earn.html Antique Pocket Watches on the Internet Pieces of Time London 2012-03-09 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120204042644/http://www.antique-watch.com/ref/e_earn.html 2012-02-04 Awards Copley Medal: Samuel VinceCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopedia Britannica 21 July 2020 en Births January 13 – Pierre Jean Robiquet, French chemist (died 1840). March 10 – William Charles Ellis, English psychiatric physician (died 1839). April 13 – Alexander Mitchell, Irish engineer and inventor of the screw-pile lighthouse (died 1868). September 5 - Clarke Abel, British surgeon and naturalist (died 1826).Abel, Clarke (1789-1826) https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10230696n catalogue.bnf.fr Bibliothèque Nationale de France 6 February 2021 fr December 26 – Mary Somerville, British scientific writer (died 1872). Elizabeth Philpot, English paleontologist (died 1857). Deaths January 22 – André Levret, French obstetrician (born 1703). February 20 – Johannes Burman, Dutch botanist (born 1707). October 17 – William Cookworthy, English chemist (born 1705). References Category:18th century in science Category:1780s in science