2012 Mexican general election

None August 2023 Mexico 1 July 2012 yes Presidential election presidential 2006 Mexican general election 2006 2018 Mexican general election 2018 63.08% ( 4.53pp) 130x130px Atlacomulco, Estado de México. Emitiendo el voto. (7552418636) (cropped).jpg Enrique Peña Nieto Institutional Revolutionary Party Commitment to Mexico 19,158,592 39.17% El Voto de AMLO (7479513832) (cropped).jpg Andrés Manuel López Obrador Party of the Democratic Revolution Progressive Movement (Mexico) 15,848,827 32.41% Josefina Vázquez Mota (cropped).png Josefina Vázquez Mota National Action Party (Mexico) 12,732,630 26.03% 300px Results by state 300px Results by constituency 300px Results by municipality 300px #50B86D Peña (34335) #F2C800 López (18867) #4E8AD2 Vázquez (11249) #58CAC8 Quadri (3) #c7c7c7 Tie (256) #9A9A9A No data (6793) Results by precinct 1 President Felipe Calderón National Action Party (Mexico) Enrique Peña Nieto Institutional Revolutionary Party yes Senate All 128 seats in the Senate of the Republic LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress 65 2006 2018 Commitment to Mexico (61 seats) Institutional Revolutionary Party Pedro Joaquín Coldwell 33.00 52 33 Ecologist Green Party of Mexico Carlos Alberto Puente Salas 6.06 9 6 Progressive Movement (28 seats) Party of the Democratic Revolution Jesús Zambrano Grijalva 19.69 22 26 Labor Party (Mexico) Alberto Anaya 4.92 4 4 Citizens' Movement (Mexico) Luis Walton Aburto es 4.26 2 6 Other (39 seats) National Action Party (Mexico) Gustavo Madero Muñoz 27.87 38 52 New Alliance Party (Mexico) Luis Castro Obregón es 3.91 1 1 Elecciones al Senado de México de 2012 por entidad federativa.svg Results by state yes Chamber of Deputies All 500 seats in the Chamber of Deputies LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress 251 2009 2015 Commitment to Mexico (241 seats) Institutional Revolutionary Party Pedro Joaquín Coldwell 33.57 207 237 Ecologist Green Party of Mexico Carlos Alberto Puente Salas 6.42 34 21 Progressive Movement (135 seats) Party of the Democratic Revolution Jesús Zambrano Grijalva 19.34 100 71 Labor Party (Mexico) Alberto Anaya 4.83 19 13 Citizens' Movement (Mexico) Luis Walton Aburto es 4.21 16 6 Other (124 seats) National Action Party (Mexico) Gustavo Madero Muñoz 27.26 114 143 New Alliance Party (Mexico) Luis Castro Obregón es 4.29 10 9 Elecciones legislativas de México de 2012 por distrito federal.svg Results by constituency right|thumbnail|Citizen voting in the ballot box for president in Mexico City right|thumbnail|Ballots for voting in Mexico City. 1 July 2012. General elections were held in Mexico on Sunday, 1 July 2012. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic to serve a six-year term, replacing Felipe Calderón, 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 128 members of the Mexican Senate. Several local ballots were held on the same day, including the election of a new Head of Government and new Legislative Assembly of the Federal District, gubernatorial elections in six states (Chiapas, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Morelos, Tabasco and Yucatán) and municipal and local congressional elections several states. Electoral reform In December 2009, president Felipe Calderón attempted to pass a bill aimed at reducing the number of legislators in both chambers and another mechanism for the presidential election, which did not pass. If approved, the following reforms would have been implemented: Second round voting in case no presidential candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-elections-idUSTRE6643PF20100705 Reuters Mexico state votes signal tough 2012 election race 5 July 2010http://www.electionguide.org/country.php?ID=140 IFES Election Guide | Country Profile: Mexico 96 Senators of the Republic, 3 for each state, elected by plurality for a period of six years, renewable once. 400 Federal Deputies (240 by plurality voting in single-member districts and 160 by proportional representation) elected for a period of three years with possibility of reelection. However, the bill did not pass and the number of seats in Congress and the electoral system remained unchanged. The 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies were elected by two methods; 300 are elected by plurality voting in single-member districts, and 200 are elected by proportional representation in five 40-seat constituencies.https://ine.mx/the-mexican-electoral-system/ The Mexican electoral system INE 22 April 2017 Presidential candidates The following are individuals who have either formally announced that they are running for president in 2012, or have formed an exploratory committee for a possible presidential run in 2012. National Action Party (PAN) Nomination Nominee: Josefina Vázquez Mota, Representative from Mexico City(6 September 2011) "Mexican Congresswoman Enters Presidential Contest https://web.archive.org/web/20120610164608/http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=423523&CategoryId=14091 2012-06-10 , Latin American Herald Tribune. Retrieved 27 September 2011"Se despide Vázquez Mota de San Lázaro" https://web.archive.org/web/20121013122414/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/791413.html 2012-10-13 , El Universal. Retrieved 6 September 2011. Other pre-candidates: Ernesto Cordero, former Secretary of Finance and Public Credit from Mexico City(26 May 2011) "Mexico's Cordero takes aim at presidency", Reuters. Retrieved 27 September 2011.(9 September 2011) "Mexican Finance Minister Quits to Seek Presidency", The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 27 September 2011. Santiago Creel, Senator from Mexico City(12 July 2011) "Santiago Creel madruga: arranca carrera a Los Pinos, Excélsior. Retrieved 6 September 2011Simonnet, Carole (12 July 2011) "Aaarrancan... Pide Santiago Creel licencia", Reforma. Retrieved 6 September 2011. Pre-candidates who withdrew from contest Javier Lozano Alarcón, Secretary of Labor from Puebla (withdrew 21 July 2011)(21 July 2011) https://archive.today/20120710062357/http://impreso.milenio.com/node/8995681 "Lozano se baja de la carrera presidencial", Milenio. Retrieved 6 September 2011.(21 July 2011) "Descarta Lozano ser gallo panista", Reforma. Retrieved 6 September 2011. Alonso Lujambio, Secretary of Public Education from Mexico City (withdrew 29 August 2011)(29 August 2011) "Lujambio declina su aspiración presidencial por el PAN", Excelsior. Retrieved 6 September 2011.(29 August 2011) "Declina Lujambio aspiración a ser candidato del PAN para 2012" https://web.archive.org/web/20110831192229/http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/8183edcfa9d393bc94c9b2852f275ecd 2011-08-31 , Milenio. Retrieved 6 September 2011. Emilio González Márquez, Governor of Jalisco (withdrew 22 September 2011)(22 September 2011) "Emilio González deja su búsqueda por la candidatura presidencial de Acción Nacional", Excelsior. Retrieved 22 September 2011(22 September 2011) "Declina Emilio aspiración a 2012" On 5 February, Josefina Vázquez Mota was announced as PAN presidential candidate following her victory in the internal selection process.(5 February 2012) "Alcanza Vázquez Mota 55 por ciento de los votos: Espina" https://web.archive.org/web/20120207040934/http://www.pan.org.mx/portal/detalle/alcanza_vazquez_mota_55_por_ciento_de_los_votos:_espina/20507 2012-02-07 , PAN.org. Retrieved February 6, 2012. Vázquez Mota defeated Ernesto Cordero, who was considered to be favored by President Felipe Calderón, by an approximately 55% to 38% margin. As coordinator of the PAN's parliamentary group in the Chamber of Deputies, Vázquez Mota's support among fellow deputies was partially credited for her victory.2012-02-06 Josefina Vázquez Mota, la mujer que aspira a la presidencia de México https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2012/02/120205_mexico_pan_candidata_cch 2024-06-24 BBC News Mundo es Her victory made her the first woman nominated for president by a major party in Mexico.O'Neil Shannon K. 2012-02-08 Vázquez Mota and the 2012 Mexican Election https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/americas/2012-02-08/vazquez-mota-and-2012-mexican-election 2024-06-24 Foreign Affairs en-US 0015-7120 CandidateVotes %Josefina Vázquez Mota264,50353.9%Ernesto Cordero190,72238.9%Santiago Creel29,8706.1%Note: Results represent vote with 96% of ballots countedSaldierna Georgina Méndez Enrique 2012-02-06 La Jornada: Josefina Vázquez Mota, primera abanderada de AN a la Presidencia https://www.jornada.com.mx/2012/02/06/politica/003n1pol 2024-06-24 www.jornada.com.mx es-MX Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) Nomination Nominee: Andrés Manuel López Obrador, former Head of Government of the Federal District from Tabasco.(19 August 2011) "Acepta AMLO encuesta para definir candidatura presidencial", Excélsior. Retrieved 6 September 2011.(25 July 2011) "Prepara AMLO su arranque presidencial", Reforma. Retrieved 6 September 2011. Pre-candidates: Marcelo Ebrard, Head of Government of the Federal District (withdrew 15 November 2011)(15 November 2011) "Mexico – A Familiar Candidate", The New York Times. Retrieved 21 November 2011.(15 November 2011) "Lopez Obrador gets presidential nod from Mexico's left". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 November 2011. Other pre-candidates: Never publicly announced intentions to run but was considered a likely contender. Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas, former Governor of Michoacán and perennial candidate(31 August 2011) "Formaliza corriente del PRD candidatura de Cárdenas para 2012", Excelsior. Retrieved 6 September 2011.(6 September 2011) "Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas declina contender en 2012", Excelsior. Retrieved 6 September 2011. Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) Nomination Nominee: Enrique Peña Nieto, former Governor of the State of Mexico(20 September 2011) "Mexico's Enrique Pena Nieto confirms election ambitions", BBC News. Retrieved 27 September 2011(21 September 2010) "Mexico's 2012 Presidential Favorite Announces Candidacy" https://web.archive.org/web/20131015065453/http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2011/09/21/pena-nieto-announces-run-for-mexico-presidency/ 2013-10-15 , Fox News Latino. Retrieved 21 September 2012. Pre-candidates: Manlio Fabio Beltrones, former Governor of Sonora (withdrew 21 November 2011)(22 November 2011) "Mexico senator won’t seek PRI’s presidential nomination, clearing way for Pena Nieto" June 2021 medicmedic. The Washington Post. Retrieved 22 November 2011(22 November 2011) "Mexican senator drops bid for PRI nomination" https://web.archive.org/web/20111124013016/http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2011/11/22/mexican-senator-drops-bid-for-pri-nomination/ 2011-11-24 . Fox News Latino. Retrieved 22 November 2011. New Alliance Party (PNA) Nomination Nominee: Gabriel Quadri de la Torre Opinion polls DatePolling companyVázquez Mota(PAN)Peña Nieto(PRI-PVEM)López Obrador(PRD-MC-PT)Quadri(PANAL)RemarksNovember 2011Reformahttp://www.eleccion2012mexico.com/estadisticas/reforma/noviembre-2011 Competencia general a Noviembre de 2011 29 April 2012 es 9 May 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120509122502/http://www.eleccion2012mexico.com/estadisticas/reforma/noviembre-2011 dead 25.0%49.0%26.0%–Unnominated PAN and PANAL candidates.Covarrubias y Asociadoshttp://www.adnpolitico.com/encuestas/2011/11/18/el-aspirante-del-pri-supera-a-lopez-obrador-en-22-puntos Peña encabeza la encuesta encargada por López Obrador 29 April 2012 Everdy M. Luis Spanish usurped https://web.archive.org/web/20111127054700/http://www.adnpolitico.com/encuestas/2011/11/18/el-aspirante-del-pri-supera-a-lopez-obrador-en-22-puntos 27 November 2011 12.6%56.3%31%–February 2012Grupo Impacto Inteligente 360ºhttp://www.gii360.com.mx/perch/resources/1333396114tendenciaelectoralrumboalfinaldelavedaelectoral.pdf Tendencia electoral rumbo al final de la veda electoral 29 April 2012 August 2017 medicmedic34.4%47.4%18.2%–Consulta Mitofskyhttp://consulta.mx/web/images/eleccionesmexicopdf/asivan.pdf Así van... Elección presidencial 2012 en México: Febrero 2012 29 April 2012 es dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120324022155/http://consulta.mx/web/images/eleccionesmexicopdf/asivan.pdf 2012-03-24 29.5%48.5%21.0%1.0%Buendía & Laredohttp://www.buendiaylaredo.com/publicaciones/205/201202_PANORAMA_ELECTORAL_UNIVERSAL.pdf Panorama electoral: Encuesta nacional / Febrero 2012 es 29 April 2012 1 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160801225402/http://buendiaylaredo.com/publicaciones/205/201202_PANORAMA_ELECTORAL_UNIVERSAL.pdf dead 32.0%48.0%20.0%0.0%Covarrubias y Asociadoshttp://www.sdpnoticias.com/nota/307227/Pena_Nieto_lider_AMLO_y_Josefina_empatados_en_segundo_lugar_Covarrubias Peña Nieto, líder; AMLO y Josefina empatados en segundo lugar: Covarrubias 29 April 2012 SDPnoticias.com 20 February 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120222212849/http://www.sdpnoticias.com/nota/307227/Pena_Nieto_lider_AMLO_y_Josefina_empatados_en_segundo_lugar_Covarrubias 22 February 2012 27.2%42.3%30.2%0.3%Ipsos/Bimsahttp://www.diario.com.mx/notas.php?f=2012/03/09&id=35865edc3b1db673acf3ce5dece5c604 Remonta Obrador 5 puntos; Peña sigue arriba y Josefina en segundo 29 April 2012 Diario TV 9 March 2012 es https://web.archive.org/web/20190822121407/https://diario.mx/ 22 August 2019 dead 30%45%25%0.0%March 2012Uno TV/María de las Heras27.4%44.0%27.4%1.2%Grupo Impacto Inteligente 360ºhttp://www.gii360.com.mx/perch/resources/1333396114tendenciaelectoralrumboalfinaldelavedaelectoral.pdf Tendencia electoral rumbo al final de la veda electoral es 29 April 2012 August 2017 medicmedic32.6%44.9%22.5%–PANAL's vote share not shownReformahttp://consulta.mx/web/images/encuestas2012/20120424_encuestas_pubicas.pdf Encuestas Públicas: Rumbo al 1 de julio 29 April 2012 es January 2018 InternetArchiveBot yes 32.0%45.0%22.0%1.0%April 2012Uno TV/María de las Herashttp://msn.unotv.com/portal/unotv/elecciones/cifras/nuestra-encuesta/nuestra-encuesta-uno-noticias-7-7.html Encuesta Uno TV / María de las Heras 7/7 6 May 2012 Uno TV April 2012 es dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120504111216/http://msn.unotv.com/portal/unotv/elecciones/cifras/nuestra-encuesta/nuestra-encuesta-uno-noticias-7-7.html 4 May 2012 30.6%38.9%29.2%1.3%Carried out between 24 and 27 MarchOEM-Parametría25%51%23%1.0%BGC-Excélsior29%50%20%1.0%Carried out between 9 and 12 AprilGEA/ISA-Milenio27.9%48.5%22.7%0.9%El Universal/Buendía & Laredo22.9%54.3%21.4%1.4%Consulta Mitofsky26.9%50.1%22.3%0.7%Covarrubias y Asociadoshttp://www.opinamexico.org/Elecciones-2012---Presidencial---Covarrubias-y-Asociados-23-04-2012-2012-04-24.html Elecciones 2012 – Presidencial – Covarrubias y Asociados (23-04-2012) 6 May 2012 Opina México 24 April 2012 es 15 September 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180915233154/http://www.opinamexico.org/Elecciones-2012---Presidencial---Covarrubias-y-Asociados-23-04-2012-2012-04-24.html dead 22.0%42.0%24.0%1.0%Published on 23 AprilBGC-Excelsiorhttp://colorelectoral.excelsior.com.mx/nota/q/830478 A dos meses de la elección, Peña Nieto sigue encabezando preferencias 6 May 2012 es Excélsior 1 May 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120507221519/http://colorelectoral.excelsior.com.mx/nota/q/830478 7 May 2012 28.0%47.0%23.0%2.0%Carried out between 19 and 25 April OEM-Parametríahttp://www.oem.com.mx/elsoldelcentro/notas/n2524548.htm Encuesta de Parametría 6 May 2012 Organización Editorial Mexicana (OEM) 30 April 2012 es 3 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191830/http://www.oem.com.mx/elsoldelcentro/notas/n2524548.htm dead 26.0%49.0%24.0%1.0%Published on 30 April May 2012GEA/ISA-Mileniohttp://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/83fcdd0d318873ce1584f9d33c32bd57 https://archive.today/20120630082042/http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/83fcdd0d318873ce1584f9d33c32bd57 dead 30 June 2012 A dos meses de la elección, Peña Nieto sigue encabezando preferencias 6 May 2012 Milenio Grupo Multimedios 1 May 2012 es 26.1%51.2%21.1%1.6%Published on 1 May Consulta Mitofskyhttp://consulta.mx/web/images/eleccionesmexicopdf/13_Variables_abril_4.pdf Preferencias ciudadanas No. 20 – May 01, 2012 6 May 2012 es Consulta Mitofsky 1 May 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120522124438/http://consulta.mx/web/images/eleccionesmexicopdf/13_Variables_abril_4.pdf 22 May 2012 28.0%48.0%23.0%1.0%El Sol de México/Parametríahttp://www.parametria.com.mx/DetalleEstudio.php?E=4366 Encuesta Parametría-El Sol de México. Debate presidencial 9 May 2012 Organización Editorial Mexicana es 17 June 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200617142035/http://www.parametria.com.mx/DetalleEstudio.php?E=4366 dead 26.0%49.0%24.0%1%One week before the candidates' debateEl Universal/Buendía & Laredohttp://redpolitica.mx/encuestas/josefina-recupera-terreno-en-preferencias-electorales Josefina recupera terreno; Peña mantiene ventaja es 6 May 2012 El Universal El Universal Compañia Periodística Nacional S.A. de C.V. 6 May 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120510024740/http://redpolitica.mx/encuestas/josefina-recupera-terreno-en-preferencias-electorales 10 May 2012 22.9%54.3%21.4%1.4%Before the candidates' debateGEA/ISA-Mileniohttp://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/ba3affde584f0c18a954d6a77766851a https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120609190104/http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/ba3affde584f0c18a954d6a77766851a dead 9 June 2012 es Encuesta de seguimiento diario Milenio GEA/ISA 6 May 2012 Milenio Grupo Multimedios 6 May 2012 27.6%49.1%21.9%1.4%El Universalhttp://redpolitica.mx/ruta-electoral/pena-sigue-adelante-amlo-%20%20seria-segundo-encuesta Peña sigue adelante; AMLO sería segundo 9 May 2012 es Red Política 7 May 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120511225813/http://redpolitica.mx/ruta-electoral/pena-sigue-adelante-amlo-%20%20seria-segundo-encuesta 11 May 2012 22.0%36.3%23.4%9.5%After the candidates' debateUno TV/María de la Herashttp://www.unonoticias.com/DS/349627/w-De-las-Heras-presenta-datos-tras-panel-de-debate.html De las Heras presenta datos tras panel de debate 10 May 2012 es UNO noticias 7 May 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120627073713/http://www.unonoticias.com/DS/349627/w-De-las-Heras-presenta-datos-tras-panel-de-debate.html 27 June 2012 dead 17.98%16.85%31.46%17.98%El Universal/Buendía & Laredo(14 May 2012)"Rebasa AMLO a Vázquez Mota; Peña conserva ventaja" https://web.archive.org/web/20150511125418/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/847040.html 2015-05-11 (in Spanish).Retrieved 22 May 201223.1%49.6%24.8%2.1%Covarrubias y Asociados(20 May 2012)title=Se cierra la elección. Peña Nieto líder. AMLO se acerca. JVM se estanca" https://web.archive.org/web/20120524010129/http://www.sdpnoticias.com/nota/343519/Se_cierra_la_eleccion_Pena_Nieto_lider_AMLO_se_acerca_JVM_se_estanca 2012-05-24 (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 May 201226.0%40.0%30.0%4%Uno TV/María de las Heras(22 May 2012)"Amlo a 8 puntos de Peña. Encuesta María de las Heras"(in Spanish). Retrieved 22 May 201226.0%39.0%31.0%4.0%June 2012Reforma(31 May 2012) "EPN y AMLO empatados; JVM se desploma: Reforma" https://web.archive.org/web/20120602145152/http://www.sdpnoticias.com/nota/344692/EPN_y_AMLO_empatados_JVM_se_desploma_Reforma 2012-06-02 (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 June 2012.23%38%34%5%Gross preference draw between EPN and AMLOMitofskyhttp://consulta.mx/web/index.php/estudios/elecciones-mexico/500-eleccion-2012-en-mexico-variables-fundamentales-para-seguir-el-proceso-electoral Elección 2012 En México... Preferencias Ciudadanas (05/Jun/2012) 8 June 2012 es Consulta Mitofsky 1 May 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120604061934/http://consulta.mx/web/index.php/estudios/elecciones-mexico/500-eleccion-2012-en-mexico-variables-fundamentales-para-seguir-el-proceso-electoral 4 June 2012 20.8%35.8%24.0%1.6%Berumen y asociadoshttp://www.slideshare.net/tercote/encuesta-berumen-12-de-junio?from=ss_embed Encuesta Nacional de Preferencias Electorales (12/June/2012) 12 June 2012 es Observatorio Universitario Electoral 12 June 2012 20.7%30.9%31.8%Not shownGross preferenceBGC-Excelsiorhttp://www.infoeleccionesmexico.com/noticia-resultados-encuesta-bgc-excelsior-junio-185.html Última encuesta presidencial BGC-Excélsior(junio): Peña Nieto 42%, López Obrador 28%, Vázquez Mota 28% y Quadri 2% 2012-06-21 2016-03-03 https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215331/http://www.infoeleccionesmexico.com/noticia-resultados-encuesta-bgc-excelsior-junio-185.html dead 28%42%28%2%Berumen y asociadoshttp://www.adnpolitico.com/2012/2012/06/22/berumen-y-el-oue-presentan-resultados-completos-de-su-encuesta Berumen detalla encuesta: AMLO 6 puntos abajo de Peña Nieto (22/June/2012) 23 June 2012 es adnpolitico 22 June 2012 usurped https://web.archive.org/web/20120624235712/http://www.adnpolitico.com/2012/2012/06/22/berumen-y-el-oue-presentan-resultados-completos-de-su-encuesta 24 June 2012 18%33.4%27.3%1.5%Gross preferenceThe share of the undefined vote has been excluded from these polls Allegations of media bias and Yo Soy 132 student protests Yo Soy 132 Mass protests have taken place in Mexico City against alleged bias towards PRI and Peña Nieto in the print and television media, particularly Televisa.http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2012/05/201252492924104136.html Mexico students protest alleged media bias The movement Yo Soy 132 ("I am 132") formed in response to this perceived bias, with initial focus on Peña Nieto as the flagship of "corruption, tyranny and authoritarianism".http://www.razon.com.mx/spip.php?article124227 Seguirá "Yo soy 132" con bandera anti Peña Nieto La Razón 4 March 2016 1 June 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061435/http://www.razon.com.mx/spip.php?article124227 4 March 2016 dead On 11 May 2012, Peña Nieto visited Universidad Iberoamericana and was received with scorn.http://www.sexenio.com.mx/articulo.php?id=15175 Sexenio 2012-06-01 2012-06-07 https://web.archive.org/web/20120607195806/http://www.sexenio.com.mx/articulo.php?id=15175 dead Both printed and televised media reported this as a minor mishap, called the students intolerant, and claimed that they had been paid by leftist organizations. In response, 131 students identified themselves on a YouTube video by their university IDs and stated that their actions were independent. This caused a ripple effect as many tweeted "I'm the 132nd student" in solidarity. Mass protests organized by public and private university students then took place across the country. The movement successfully demanded that, unlike the first debate, the second presidential debate be broadcast on national television, and has proposed a third debate to cover a broader scope of issues.http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/850042.html Segundo debate va por el Canal 2, anuncia Televisa 2012-06-01 2012-05-30 https://web.archive.org/web/20120530181216/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/850042.html deadhttp://www.elinfluyente.com/tv-azteca-tambien-cede-el-debate-ira-por-canal-13/ TV Azteca también cede: El debate irá por Canal 13 | el Influyente https://archive.today/20130122035740/http://www.elinfluyente.com/tv-azteca-tambien-cede-el-debate-ira-por-canal-13/ 22 January 2013 dead Claims of hacking In a 31 March 2016 article published by Bloomberg Business Week, a Colombian hacker named Andrés Sepúlveda claimed to have been paid US$600,000 by the PRI for hacking files (including phone calls, e-mails, and strategies) pertaining to the respective political campaigns of Peña Nieto's rivals, and also to manipulate social media to create fake news against his opponents with 30,000 fake Twitter accounts, creating fake trending topics and the perception of public enthusiasm toward Peña Nieto's campaign. On election day, Sepúlveda claimed to have been watching a live feed from Bogotá, Colombia and destroyed evidence right after Peña Nieto was declared winner. He said he was helped by a team of six hackers, which he led. The hacker is serving a 10-year prison sentence in Colombia for hacking crime, in favor of the election campaign of Óscar Iván Zuluaga.https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-how-to-hack-an-election/ How to Hack an Election Bloomberg.com www.bloomberg.com Results President Enrique Peña Nieto Commitment to Mexico Institutional Revolutionary Party 3 Institutional Revolutionary Party 16354938 Ecologist Green Party of Mexico 2803654 19158592 Andrés Manuel López Obrador Progressive Movement Party of the Democratic Revolution 4 Party of the Democratic Revolution 11122251 Labor Party 2597905 Citizens' Movement 2128671 15848827 Josefina Vázquez Mota National Action Party 12732630 Gabriel Quadri de la Torre New Alliance Party 1146085 Non-registered candidates 20625 1236857 79492286 DOF Senate Party-list Constituency File:2012_Mexican_Senate_Election.svg Institutional Revolutionary Party 15673351 11 15600165 41 52 +19 National Action Party 13237212 9 13120533 29 38 –14 Party of the Democratic Revolution 9351005 6 9265578 16 22 –4 Ecologist Green Party of Mexico 2880080 2 2869843 7 9 +3 Labor Party 2336826 2 2325913 2 4 0 Citizens' Movement 2024528 1 2013180 1 2 –4 New Alliance Party 1854678 1 2031486 0 1 0 Non-registered candidates 131067 0 130612 0 0 0 2797881 2755674 0 79433171 79433171 Election Resources Chamber of Deputies File:2012_Mexican_Chamber_of_Deputies_Election.svg Party-list Constituency Institutional Revolutionary Party 15960086 49 15892978 158 207 –30 National Action Party 12960875 62 12885414 52 114 –29 Party of the Democratic Revolution 9194637 44 9135149 56 100 +29 Ecologist Green Party of Mexico 3054718 15 3045385 19 34 +13 Labor Party 2294459 11 2286892 8 19 +6 New Alliance Party 2041608 10 1977185 0 10 +1 Citizens' Movement 2000524 9 1992102 7 16 +10 Non-registered candidates 41556 0 41120 0 0 0 2494400 2465407 0 79433171 79433171 Election Resources Recount Following the elections, López Obrador demanded a full recount, claiming there had been widespread irregularities.Mexico faces partial recount in presidential election BBC News, 5 July 2012 The Federal Electoral Institute subsequently announced that there would be a partial recount, with presidential ballots from 78,012 of the 143,132 polling stations to be recounted, whilst ballots for the Congressional elections would be re-examined at two-thirds of polling stations. On 6 July after a partial recount of approximately 50% of the votes, the Federal Electoral Institute declared they had found anomalies but that Nieto still had majority and was confirmed as the winner with 38.2% of the popular vote.Mexico's Pena Nieto's presidential victory confirmed https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/18736492 6 July 2012 BBC News July 6, 2012BBC News which officially has until 6 September to announce a winner. Request to invalidate election On 12 July, López Obrador presented his formal complaint to invalidate the election to the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary (TEPJF) on grounds of violation of constitutional article 41 which states that the elections must be free and authentic and with equal benefits for all competing parties.http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2012/07/13/violaciones-al-articulo-41-de-la-constitucion CNN Lo más popular July 13, 2012 Alleging that the Mexican media had treated them with inequality in relation to Peña Nieto and presenting the numerous evidence of paraphernalia used to buy votes for the PRI as well as pre-marked ballots and notarized witness statements of people who sold their votes to the PRI.http://aristeguinoticias.com/pena-nieto-fue-el-candidato-de-las-televisoras-amlo/ Aristegui Noticias The complaint also pointed towards the PRI's campaign going over budget an alleged 1000% over the established allowed budget by the Federal Electoral Institute which is of 336 million Mexican pesos.http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2012/07/13/rebase-de-tope-de-gasto-de-campana CNN Lo más popular 13 July 2012 On July 18 López Obrador accused Peña Nieto of using illicit funds and money laundering to finance his campaign.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/19/lopez-obrador-election-money-laundering London The Guardian Jo Tuckman Mexico presidential runner-up alleges money laundering in election 19 July 2012 After presenting new audio evidence regarding the PRI's use of Monex cards, López Obrador commented that it would be better if the Electoral Tribunal invalidated the election and move in an interim President than to violate the constitution and acting in an "anti-democratic" way. He said that if the Electoral Tribunal does not invalidate the election, Mexico will be governed by a "gang of evildoers".http://aristeguinoticias.com/es-preferible-tener-presidente-interino-amlo/ Aristegui Noticias On 30 August 2012, the TEPJF, Mexico's highest election-law court rejected the allegations of fraud after they concluded that there was "insufficient evidence of wrongdoing."UPDATE 2-Mexico electoral judges reject challenge to Pena Nieto victory http://in.reuters.com/article/mexico-election-tribunal-idINL2E8JV0BF20120831 https://web.archive.org/web/20160202065203/http://in.reuters.com/article/mexico-election-tribunal-idINL2E8JV0BF20120831 dead 2 February 2016 31 August 2012 Reuters 31 August 2012 Post-electoral protests and claims of fraud After the preliminary results of the Federal Electoral Institute announced Enrique Peña Nieto as virtual President-elect, several student protests led by the youth movement Yo Soy 132 and independent citizen movements broke out throughout the country claiming the forced imposition of a President and electoral fraud,http://www.critica.com.mx/vernoticias.php?artid=44364&mas=5 Marchan integrantes de #Yo Soy 132http://www.frontera.info/EdicionEnLinea/Notas/Noticias/04072012/604835.aspx Toman jóvenes la Zona Río 2012-07-05 https://web.archive.org/web/20120706221101/http://www.frontera.info/EdicionEnLinea/Notas/Noticias/04072012/604835.aspx 2012-07-06 dead https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-18700953 BBC News No early end to Mexico's election stand-off 4 July 2012https://www.elmundo.es/america/2012/07/05/mexico/www.elmundo.es/america/2012/07/05/mexico/1341513712.html El movimiento 'Yo Soy 132' denuncia irregularidades ante la fiscalía www.elmundo.es 13 December 2022June 2023 InternetArchiveBot yes as evidence of an alleged fraud surfaced and pointed towards the PRI buying votes by providing voting citizens with store credit cards of Mexican supermarket chain Soriana.https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2012/07/120704_mexico_pena_nieto_entrevista_ao.shtml Peña Nieto: Videos sobre compra de votos pueden ser "armados y orquestados" 4 July 2012https://www.sandiegored.com/es/noticias/54334/Sorianagate-las-versiones-de-los-hechos Soriana-gate : las versiones de los hechos - SanDiegoRed.com SanDiegoRed 13 December 2022 Mexico's Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) confirmed in January 2013 that Peña Nieto's party spent $5.2 million in electronic cards throughout the whole campaign. Opposition parties complained that this represented a form of illicit funding, but the IFE claimed the contrary. The PRI party claimed that the electronic cards were intended for party personnel, but this method rose suspicions because some of the money was transacted through "several shadowy companies instead of being disbursed directly from party coffers."Mexico: ruling party used $5.2 million cash cards http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/world/article/Mexico-ruling-party-used-5-2-million-cash-cards-4221504.php 27 January 2013 San Antonio Express-News 24 January 2013 https://archive.today/20130127232356/http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/world/article/Mexico-ruling-party-used-5-2-million-cash-cards-4221504.php 2013-01-27 dead This also increased the suspicions that the PRI had received illegal donations from corporations (given that this move is prohibited under law). The IFE stated on 24 January 2013 and ruled by 5–4 votes that the fundings were not violating the law, but opposition parties and critics believe that the IFE did not thoroughly investigate the origins of the money. Further alleged evidence arose as pictures of ballots already marked in favor of the PRI, with the logo of the party printed over the marking, have been shared widely over online social networks,http://sdpnoticias.com/nota/348518/Distribuyen_en_redes_imagen_de_boleta_tachada_a_favor_del_PRI_por_debajo_del_logo_impreso Distribuyen en redes imagen de boleta tachada a favor del PRI... por debajo del logo impreso SDP Noticias 2012-07-06 https://web.archive.org/web/20120707195637/http://www.sdpnoticias.com/nota/348518/Distribuyen_en_redes_imagen_de_boleta_tachada_a_favor_del_PRI_por_debajo_del_logo_impreso 2012-07-07 dead and there have also been numerous videos and photos of that show the irregularities between local ballot boxes and the official result of those ballot boxes.http://www.el5antuario.org/2012/07/algunas-sabanas-electorales-para.html Algunas Sábanas Electorales para verificación con el PREP 25 September 2020 11 July 2012 4 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222328/http://www.el5antuario.org/2012/07/algunas-sabanas-electorales-para.html dead More allegations appeared as videos showing protection of local police patrols protecting supposed "Mapaches". Following a request from Andrés Manuel López Obrador, the Federal Electoral Institute agreed to recount more than half of the ballots cast in the presidential election. It later reconfirmed the original result.Counted out: López Obrador, sore loser The Economist 14 July 2012 https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2012/07/14/counted-out The result was endorsed by Barack Obama, the president of the United States, and by the Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez, who backed López Obrador in a similar dispute in 2006. On 7 July, a national protest in opposition of Enrique Peña Nieto was organized through online social networks, and demonstrations occurred in several cities. The protest in Mexico City was billed as a "mega-march", but the number of demonstrators equalled only around half the number which attended anti-PRI demonstrations held prior to the election. Statements from the Yo Soy 132 student movement formally uninvolved themselves from the protest cautioning against violent results; alleging that it may have been organized by a similarly named movement linked to the PRI.http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2012/07/06/convocan-en-redes-a-marcha-anti-pena-yosoy132-se-deslinda CNN Convocan en redes a marcha anti-Peña; #Yosoy132 se deslinda - México: Voto 2012 - Nacional - CNNMexico.com 6 July 2012 Despite the statement the protests effectively took place in 37 cities in Mexico, Canada, the United States, and Europehttp://www.elmanana.com.mx/notas.asp?id=293001 Se unen miles en varias ciudades en #MegaMarcha Anti EPN - el Mañana … https://archive.today/20130219040426/http://www.elmanana.com.mx/notas.asp?id=293001 19 February 2013 dead with no incidents of violence or known involvement of the PRI. Though in Xalapa, Veracruz a man identified as Juan Pablo Frianzoni, presumed member of the youth PRI group "Juventud Dinamica"; threw chairs at the protesters and then pointed a handgun at them from his balcony. Frianzoni was then apprehended by Police officers who were standing by the protest.http://sdpnoticias.com/nota/348750/Amenaza_sujeto_armado_a_manifestantes_de_MegaMarcha_en_Verazcruz Amenaza sujeto armado a manifestantes de #MegaMarcha en Verazcruz SDP Noticias 2012-07-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20120710225209/http://www.sdpnoticias.com/nota/348750/Amenaza_sujeto_armado_a_manifestantes_de_MegaMarcha_en_Verazcruz 2012-07-10 dead Televisa did not broadcast the National protests, and instead presented a live broadcast of Eugenio Derbez and Alessandra Rosaldo's wedding which was interrupted due to "technical difficulties" when loud protest chants became audible outside of the event.http://sdpnoticias.com/nota/348752/Cortan_transmision_de_boda_de_Eugenio_Derbez_en_Televisa_tras_protestas_de_MegaMarcha Cortan transmisión de boda de Eugenio Derbez en Televisa tras protestas de #MegaMarcha SDP Noticias 2012-07-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20120710225214/http://www.sdpnoticias.com/nota/348752/Cortan_transmision_de_boda_de_Eugenio_Derbez_en_Televisa_tras_protestas_de_MegaMarcha 2012-07-10 dead Derbez however stated that he was in support of the protests, and though he regrets them happening on the day of his wedding; he said he will cherish the memory.http://sdpnoticias.com/nota/348757/Eugenio_Derbez_toma_con_humor_protestas_en_boda_muestra_apoyo_a_YoSoy132_con_foto Eugenio Derbez toma con humor protestas en boda, muestra apoyo a #YoSoy132 con foto SDP Noticias 2012-07-10 https://web.archive.org/web/20120710225224/http://sdpnoticias.com/nota/348757/Eugenio_Derbez_toma_con_humor_protestas_en_boda_muestra_apoyo_a_YoSoy132_con_foto 2012-07-10 dead As of 15 Julyhttp://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/e4e7fe9f7a613accf953b326bc1dc90a Marchan cientos desde Reforma hacia el Zócalo 2021-12-20 https://web.archive.org/web/20120717013229/http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/e4e7fe9f7a613accf953b326bc1dc90a 17 July 2012 dead protests and further acts of civil resistance against Peña Nieto and Televisa continue around the country.http://www.rnw.nl/espanol/bulletin/yosoy132-y-otros-colectivos-se-movilizar%C3%A1n-contra-regreso-del-pri-en-m%C3%A9xico-0 #YoSoy132 y otros colectivos se movilizarán contra regreso del PRI en México | Radio Nederland Internacional www.rnw.nl 26 January 2022 https://archive.today/20130222232314/http://www.rnw.nl/espanol/bulletin/yosoy132-y-otros-colectivos-se-movilizar%C3%A1n-contra-regreso-del-pri-en-m%C3%A9xico-0 22 February 2013 dead On 27 July protesters set up a 24-hour blockade around the main Televisa studios in Chapultepec, Mexico City.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/27/mexican-blockade-televisa-election-scandal London The Guardian Mexican demonstrators blockade Televisa studios over election scandal 27 July 2012 On August 30 several protesters gathered outside the offices of the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary as the Magistrates declared that the claims made by the left-wing coalition were "unfounded" and were therefore rejected.http://www.razon.com.mx/spip.php?article136863 Protesta frente a la sede del TEPJF :: La Razón :: 4 de marzo de 2016 2012-08-31 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075131/http://www.razon.com.mx/spip.php?article136863 2016-03-04 dead On 1 December 2012, as Peña Nieto was being sworn in as President, protesters rioted outside of the national palace and clashed with Federal Police forces, in an event that has been labeled by the media as the 1DMX,http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/metropoli/cdmx/2016/08/31/indemnizan-victimas-del-1dmx Indemnizan a víctimas del #1DMX 31 August 2016 https://www.proceso.com.mx/389556/las-huellas-psicologicas-de-las-detenciones-arbitrarias-del-1dmx dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160912092731/http://www.proceso.com.mx/389556/las-huellas-psicologicas-de-las-detenciones-arbitrarias-del-1dmx 2016-09-12 Las huellas psicológicas de las detenciones arbitrarias del #1DMX - Procesohttp://www.jornada.unam.mx/2012/12/10/opinion/020a2pol La Jornada: #1DMX no se olvida 10 December 2012https://www.animalpolitico.com/2013/11/un-ano-del-1dmx-quienes-protestaron-y-por-que-primera-parte/ ¿Quiénes protestaron el 1Dmx y por qué? (Primera parte) 26 November 2013 12 December 2018 5 July 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180705062713/https://www.animalpolitico.com/2013/11/un-ano-del-1dmx-quienes-protestaron-y-por-que-primera-parte/ dead while vandalizing hotel structures and setting fires around Mexico City. More than 90 protesters were arrested and several were injured. Mexico City Mayor Marcelo Ebrard blamed anarchist groups for causing the violent outcomes.https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/02/world/americas/enrique-pena-nieto-takes-office-as-mexicos-president.html?_r=1& The New York Times Randal C. Archibold Karla Zabludovsky Enrique Peña Nieto Takes Office as Mexico's President 1 December 2012 References 30em Further reading Jorge I. Dominguez et al. eds. Mexico's Evolving Democracy: A Comparative Study of the 2012 Elections (Johns Hopkins University Press; 2015) 304 pages External links Federal Electoral Institute https://web.archive.org/web/20130914142054/http://www.ife.org.mx/portal/site/ifev2/Internacional_English 2013-09-14 Official candidate websites National Action Party Ernesto Cordero Santiago Creel Josefina Vázquez Mota Party of the Democratic Revolution Andrés Manuel López Obrador https://web.archive.org/web/20060714075933/http://www.amlo.org.mx/ 2006-07-14 Institutional Revolutionary Party Enrique Peña Nieto General Category:Legislative elections in Mexico Category:Presidential elections in Mexico General