1 Chronicles 20

First Book of Chronicles, chapter 20 1 Chronicles 20 1 Chronicles 19 chapter 19 1 Chronicles 21 chapter 21 Books of Chronicles Old Testament 13 Ketuvim Leningrad-codex-14-chronicles.pdf 250px The complete Hebrew text of the Books of Chronicles (1 and 2 Chronicles) in the Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). 1 Chronicles 20 is the twentieth chapter of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Chronicles in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.Ackroyd 1993 113Mathys 2007 268 The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE.Ackroyd 1993 113–114 This chapter records the account of David's wars against the neighboring nations, especially the Ammonites and the Philistines.Mathys 2007 278 The whole chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingship of David (1 Chronicles 9:35 to 29:30).Ackroyd 1993 113 Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 8 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 Extant manuscripts of a Koine Greek translation known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE, include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).Würthwein 1995 73–74The extant Codex Sinaiticus only contains 1 Chronicles 9:27–19:17.Würthwein Ernst Der Text des Alten Testaments Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft 2nd Stuttgart 1988 85 3-438-06006-XSwete Henry Barclay Henry Barclay Swete An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek Macmillan and Co. Cambridge 1902 https://archive.org/stream/anintrotooldtes00swetuoft#page/128/mode/2up 129–130Codex Sinaiticus Old Testament references 1 Chronicles 20:1–3 9: 2 Samuel 12:26–31 91 Chronicles 20 Berean Study Bible. Biblehub 1 Chronicles 20:4–8 9:2 Samuel 21:15–22 9. The capture of Rabbah (20:1–3) The passage parallels 2 Samuel 11:1; 12:26a, 30–31, leaving out the episodes involving David, Bathsheba and Uriah the Hittite as well as 2 Samuel 12:27–29 9, which would be between verse 1 and 2.Mathys 2007 277Coogan 2007 606 Hebrew Bible Verse 2 And David took the crown of their king from off his head, and found it to weigh a talent of gold, and there were precious stones in it; and it was set upon David's head: and he brought also exceeding much spoil out of the city.1 Chronicles 20:2 KJV KJV "The crown of their king": from Hebrew: he את־עטרת־מלכם ’eṯ H 853-‘ă-ṭe-reṯ H 5850-mal-kām H 4428; rendered "the crown of Milkom" in NRSV, following Septuagint and Vulgate,Note [a] on 1 Chronicles 20:2 in NET Bible referring to "Milkom", 'the national deity of the Ammonites' (1 Kings 11:5 9, 7, 33; 2 Kings 23:13 9).Coogan 2007 606 Hebrew Bible "Talent": a weight measurement about 34 kgNote on 1 Chronicles 20:2 in ESV and MEV "Spoil": or "plunder"Note on 1 Chronicles 20:2 in NKJV Battles against the Philistines (20:4–8) This passage contains the accounts of three battles against the Philistines involving David's mighty warriors out of the four reported in 2 Samuel 21:15–22 9.Mathys 2007 278 The episode where Abishai, the son of Zeruiah, saved David from being killed by Ishbi-benob is not included in the Chronicles, probably to avoid the unpleasant impression of a Philistine endangering David, so the number "four" appearing in 2 Samuel 21:22 9 is also removed in the corresponding verse 8.Mathys 2007 278 The Chronicles also harmonizes the confusing claims in the books of Samuel (1 Samuel 17:4 9, 1 Samuel 17:50 9 50 and 2 Samuel 21:19 9) into a clearer statement in verse 5.Coogan 2007 606 Hebrew Bible Verse 5 King James Version And there was war again with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear staff was like a weaver's beam.1 Chronicles 20:5 KJV KJV New English Translation There was another battle with the Philistines in which Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear had a shaft as big as the crossbeam of a weaver’s loom.1 Chronicles 20:5 NET NET Bible The Hebrew text comparison with the corresponding verse 2 Samuel 21:19 9 demonstrates that the Chronicles (composed after the Babylonian exile) provides clarification to the older text written before the exile, as can be seen here (Hebrew text is read from right to left):Heiser, Michael S. "Clash of the Manuscripts: Goliath & the Hebrew Text of the Old Testament". Bible Study Magazine, October 31, 2014. 2 Samuel 21:19:   ויך אלחנן בן־יערי ארגים בית הלחמי את גלית transliteration: wa·yaḵ ’el·ḥā·nān ben-ya‘·rê ’ō·rə·ḡîm bêṯ ha·laḥ·mî, ’êṯ gā·lə·yāṯ 01555 English: "and killed Elhanan ben Jaare-Oregim bet-ha-Lahmi, (brother) of Goliath" 1 Chronicles 20:5: ויך אלחנן בן־יעיר            את־לחמי אחי גלית transliteration: wa·yaḵ ’el·ḥā·nān ben-yā·‘îr                   ’eṯ-laḥ·mî,   ’ă·ḥî gā·lə·yāṯ 01555 English: "and killed Elhanan ben Jair                           Lahmi, brother of Goliath" The relation of Lahmi to Goliath in the older text (Samuel) is only given using the word "’êṯ" which can be rendered as "together with; related to", whereas in the newer version (Chronicles), it is given using the word "’ă·ḥî" meaning "brother". Therefore it is clear in the Chronicles that David killed Goliath (as recorded in 1 Samuel 17), then Elhanan killed the brother of Goliath.Mathys 2007 278KJV Today. "“Brother of Goliath” or “Goliath” in 2 Samuel 21:19?". Accessed October 31, 2018.Slick, Matt. "Who killed Goliath, David or Elhanan?". Bible Difficulties, Joshua - Esther, The Bible. Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry. November 28, 2008.Note [a] on 1 Chronicles 20:5 in NET Bible. Quote: "...it is likely that the accusative marker in front of he לַחְמִי (lakhmi, "Lachmi") was originally he בֵּית (bet), and that he אֶת־לַחְמִי (he 'et lakhmi) should be emended to he בֵּית הַלַּחְמִי (bet hallakhmi, "the Bethlehemite")." It is also noted that the word "’ōregîm" (meaning "weaver") is written only once in this verse, but it is found twice in 2 Samuel, the first of which is attached to the proper name "Jaare" to be "Jaare-oregim", which may create confusion with the second use of the word to describe the weapon of the Philistine. Verse 8 These were born to the giant in Gath, and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.1 Chronicles 19:7 NKJV NKJV "The giant": from Hebrew: he הרפא hā-rā-p̄ā H 7497, "Rapha"1 Chronicles 20:8 Hebrew text analysis. Biblehub (NET Bible), whereas in 2 Samuel 21:22 it is written as he הרפה hā-rā-p̄āh H 7497, "Raphah."2 Samuel 21:22 Hebrew text analysis. Biblehub By slightly changing a consonant, the Chronicler presents "Rapha's descendants" as "Rephaites", who are legendary "giants" mentioned in Deuteronomy 2:11 9, 20-21; 3:11-13. This elevates the significance of the mentioned battles, although it does not appear as such in the English translation.Mathys 2007 278 See also 22em David's Mighty Warriors House of David Jerusalem Zeruiah Related Bible parts: 1 Samuel 17, 2 Samuel 10, 2 Samuel 12, 2 Samuel 21, 1 Chronicles 19 Notes References Sources Ackroyd Peter R Chronicles, Books of Metzger Bruce M Bruce M. Metzger Coogan Michael D The Oxford Companion to the Bible Oxford University Press 1993 978-0195046458 113–116 Bennett William The Expositor's Bible: The Books of Chronicles Litres 2018 978-5040825196 https://books.google.com/books?id=SZo3DwAAQBAJ Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 9780195288810 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Endres John C. First and Second Chronicles Liturgical Press 2012 https://books.google.com/books?id=mtL0BSEv7i4C 9780814628447 Hill Andrew E. First and Second Chronicles Zondervan 2003 https://books.google.com/books?id=Sv-LEqnF8Y4C 9780310206101 Mabie Frederick I. The Chronicler's Genealogical Survey of All Israel 1 and 2 Chronicles The Expositor's Bible Commentary Tremper Longman III David E Garland Zondervan 2017 267–308 978-0310531814 https://books.google.com/books?id=E8ESDgAAQBAJ December 6, 2019 Mathys H. P. 14. 1 and 2 Chronicles The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 267–308 978-0199277186 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Tuell Steven S. First and Second Chronicles Westminster John Knox Press 2012 978-0664238650 https://books.google.com/books?id=8RKvdfWsmvEC December 30, 2020 Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament William B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Divrei Hayamim I - I Chronicles - Chapter 20 (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) First Book of Chronicles Chapter 20. Bible Gateway 20