2008 TC3

2008 asteroid-type meteoroid April 2018 yes 2008 TC 3 #FFC2E0 2008TC3-groundpath-rev.png Estimated path and altitude of the meteor in red, with the possible location for the METEOSAT IR fireball (bolide) as orange crosshairs and the infrasound detection of the explosion in green. Catalina Sky Survey October 6, 2008, 06:39 UTC 2008 TC 3 8TA9D69 (Catalina Sky Survey) NEO Apollo last observation: October 7, 2008; arc: 1 day JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2008 TC3) http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2008TC3;cad=1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory March 28, 2016 October 7, 2008 (JD 2454746.5) 1 day (575 observations) 1.308201 AU Gm on 0.312065 0.899957 AU Gm on 2008-Nov-20 1.71644 AU Gm on on 2.54220° 194.101138° 234.44897° 330.7541° 1.50 yr (546.53 d) 4.1 m ft 1 80,000 kg lbs ~1.5 g/cm3 F/M 0.1 0.03 0.0269409 h min on on 30.4 0.6587071°/day 4 3.57975 AU Gm on 2008 TC 3 was an 80 t ton 1 on, 4.1 m ft 2 us on diameter asteroidJenniskens P. 2009 458 7237 485–488 The impact and recovery of asteroid 2008 TC3 Nature 2009Natur.458..485J 10.1038/nature07920 19325630 7976525 etal that entered Earth's atmosphere on October 7, 2008.Plait P. October 6, 2008 Incoming!!! http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/10/06/incoming-2/ Bad Astronomy October 8, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20081007190747/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/10/06/incoming-2/ October 7, 2008 live It exploded at an estimated 37 km 2 us above the Nubian Desert in Sudan. Some 600 meteorites, weighing a total of 10.5 kg 3, were recovered; Shaddad M. H. 2010 The recovery of asteroid 2008 TC3 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01116.x Meteoritics and Planetary Science 45 1557–1589 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01116.x free subscription many of these belonged to a rare type known as ureilites, which contain, among other minerals, nanodiamonds. Chang K. March 25, 2009 Recovered Pieces of Asteroid Hold Clues to Early History https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/26/science/space/26asteroid.html?ref=us The New York Times March 26, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20131113234704/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/26/science/space/26asteroid.html?ref=us November 13, 2013 liveBorenstein S. March 26, 2009 Astronomers catch a shooting star for 1st time https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/Space/WireStory?id=7175837&page=2 ABC news The Associated Press September 15, 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090329084214/https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/Space/WireStory?id=7175837&page=2 March 29, 2009 It was the first time that an asteroid impact had been predicted before its entry into the atmosphere as a meteor.Roylance F. October 7, 2008 Predicted meteor may have been sighted http://weblogs.marylandweather.com/2008/10/predicted_meteor_may_have_been.html Maryland Weather October 8, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20081010045620/http://weblogs.marylandweather.com/2008/10/predicted_meteor_may_have_been.html October 10, 2008 live Discovery thumb|left|200px|An animation of 2008 TC3's excited rotation prior to entering the atmosphere The asteroid was discovered by Richard A. Kowalski at the Catalina Sky Survey (CSS) 1.5-meter telescope at Mount Lemmon, north of Tucson, Arizona, US, on October 6, 06:39:51 UTC, 20 hours before the impact.Williams G. V. October 6, 2008 MPEC 2008-T50 http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/mpec/K08/K08T50.html Minor Planet Center October 8, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20081009221534/http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/mpec/K08/K08T50.html October 9, 2008 liveHuntington J. October 7, 2008 http://www.efluxmedia.com/news_Small_Asteroid_Enters_Earths_Atmosphere_26024.html Small Asteroid Enters Earth's Atmosphere eFluxMedia October 8, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20081010095304/http://www.efluxmedia.com/news_Small_Asteroid_Enters_Earths_Atmosphere_26024.html October 10, 2008 deadChesley S. Chodas P. Yeomans D. November 4, 2008 Asteroid 2008 TC3 Strikes Earth: Predictions and Observations Agree http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/2008tc3.html Near Earth Object Program NASA June 18, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090618045538/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/2008tc3.html June 18, 2009 dead It was notable as the first such body to be observed and tracked prior to reaching Earth. The process of detecting and tracking a near-Earth object, an effort sometimes referred to as Spaceguard, was put to the test. In total, 586 astrometric and almost as many photometric observations were performed by 27 amateur and professional observers in less than 19 hours and reported to the Minor Planet Center, which in eleven hours issued 25 Minor Planet Electronic Circulars with new orbit solutions as observations poured in. On October 7, 01:49 UTC, the asteroid entered the shadow of the Earth, which made further observations impossible. The photometric observations provided information on the shape and spin of the asteroid. Spectral observations that were performed by astronomers at the 4.2 m in William Herschel Telescope at La Palma, Canary Islands are consistent with an F-type, C-type or M-type asteroid. Impact predictions were performed by University of Pisa's CLOMON 2 semi-automatic monitoring systemNEODys Main Risk Page https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/ October 8, 2008NEODys 2008 TC 3 page https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?pc=1.1.0&n=2008TC3 October 8, 2008 as well as Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Sentry system. The trajectory showed intersection with Earth's surface at roughly 20.3 N 33.5 E 2008 TC3 projected impactMike October 6, 2008 Very near NEO Meteoroid impact! http://mkvh.de/ast/serendipity/index.php?/archives/9-Very-near-NEO-Meteoroid-impact-!.html https://web.archive.org/web/20081010123315/http://mkvh.de/ast/serendipity/index.php?%2Farchives%2F9-Very-near-NEO-Meteoroid-impact-%21.html dead October 10, 2008 MKVH.de though the object was expected to break up perhaps 100 - 200 km mi -1 us west as it descended, somewhat east of the Nile River, and about 100 km mi -1 us south of the Egypt–Sudan border. Entry thumb|left|Meteosat 8/EUMETSAT infrared image of the explosion thumb|left|Animation of 2008 TC3's orbitmagenta 2008 TC3Yellow SunRoyalBlue Earth The meteor entered Earth's atmosphere above northern Sudan at 02:46 UTC (05:46 local time) on October 7, 2008, with a velocity of 12.8 km/s mi/s us at an azimuth of 281 degrees and an altitude angle of 19 degrees to the local horizon. It exploded ~37 kilometers above the ground with the energy of 0.9 to 2.1 kilotons of TNT over a remote area of the Nubian Desert, causing a large fireball or bolide.October 6, 2008 Astronomers predict shooting star over Sudan from space boulder http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jOHHF4wcyteiUj5AlJP69dIMb0yA Agence France-Presse October 8, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20081011054910/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jOHHF4wcyteiUj5AlJP69dIMb0yA October 11, 2008 dead The Times reported that the meteor's "light was so intense that it lit up the sky like a full moon", and pilots of an airliner 1,400 km mi on away over the Republic of Chad, who had been warned about the imminent impact, reported seeing three bright flashes in short succession.Simon P. October 8, 2008 Weather Eye: NASA spots asteroid before annihilation http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/weather/article4902427.ece The Times October 8, 2008September 2024 medicmedic A webcam captured the flash lighting up El-Gouna beach 725 km mi north of the explosion (see this webcam frame).Javaux G. 2008 TC3... Première détection d'un astéroïde avant son impact sur Terre... quelques heures plus tard http://pagesperso-orange.fr/pgj/2008_TC3.htm fr September 15, 2009 Une webcam de surveillance, située sur la plage de la Mer Rouge à El Gouna en Egypte, a enregistré indirectement le flash de l'explosion qui s'est produit à environ 725 km plus au sud. A low-resolution image of the explosion was captured by the weather satellite Meteosat 8.October 8, 2008 Asteroid Impact http://www.spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=08&month=10&year=2008 SpaceWeather.com October 8, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20081010193852/http://www.spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=08&month=10&year=2008 October 10, 2008 live The Meteosat images place the fireball at 21.00 32.15 2008 TC3 fireball.October 8, 2008 m8 HRV 200810070245 http://www.eumetsat.int/groups/ops/documents/image/img_asteroid_impact_hrv.jpg October 8, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20081017142511/http://www.eumetsat.int/groups/ops/documents/image/img_asteroid_impact_hrv.jpg October 17, 2008 dead According to U.S. government sourcesOctober 15, 2008 Asteroid Update http://www.spaceweather.com/archive.php?month=10&day=15&year=2008&view=view SpaceWeather.com October 18, 2008October 15, 2008 Fireball detection http://meteor.uwo.ca/~pbrown/usaf/usg282.txt University of Western Ontario October 18, 2008 U.S. satellites detected the impact at 02:45:40 UT, with the initial detection at 20.9 N 31.4 E 2008 TC3 initial detection at 65.4 km mi nmi out us altitude and final explosion at 20.8 N 32.2 E 2008 TC3 final explosion at 37 km mi nmi us altitude. These images have not been publicly released. The calculated total impact energy was 1 kilotons of TNT. Infrasound detector arrays in Kenya also detected a sound wave from the direction of the expected impact corresponding to energy of 1.1 to 2.1 kilotons of TNT.October 7, 2008 Impact of Asteroid 2008 TC3 Confirmed http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news160.html Near Earth Object Program October 8, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20081010010227/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news160.html October 10, 2008 dead Asteroids of this size hit Earth about two or three times a year.Borenstein S. October 6, 2008 Small Asteroid Headed for Light Show Over Africa https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory?id=5968166 ABC News The Associated Press September 15, 2009 September 2010 H3llBot Almahata Sitta meteorite Recovered fragments (Almahata Sitta meteorite) Recovered fragments Almahata Sitta Recovered fragments thumb|left|200px|Jenniskens in the Nubian Desert, February 2009 A search of the impact zone that began on December 6, 2008, turned up 15 meteorites in three days. These meteorites are collectively named Almahata SittaAugust 12, 2013 Almahata Sitta http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=48915 Meteoritical Bulletin Database August 13, 2013 (ar المحطة ستة), which means "Station Six"Gebauer S. April 16, 2008 Station Nr. 6. Nubian Desert https://www.panoramio.com/photo/9417877 Panoramio June 15, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20081230152832/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/9417877 December 30, 2008 dead on the railroad between Wadi Halfa and Khartoum, Sudan. This search was led by Peter Jenniskens from the SETI Institute, California and Muawia Shaddad of the University of Khartoum in Sudan and carried out with the collaboration of 45 students and staff of the University of Khartoum. Numerous witnesses were interviewed, and the hunt was guided with a search grid and specific target area produced by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. March 27, 2009 NASA Team Finds Riches in Meteorite Treasure Hunt http://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/features/asteroid_treasure_hunt.html NASA April 5, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090331094810/http://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/features/asteroid_treasure_hunt.html March 31, 2009 liveFebruary 25, 2009 Found: Pieces of meteorite spotted before impact https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126974.800-found-pieces-of-meteorite-spotted-before-impact.html New Scientist 2697 15Shiga D. February 19, 2009 First tracked space rock recovered after impact https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16635-first-tracked-space-rock-recovered-after-impact.html New ScientistCourtland R. March 25, 2009 Meteorite hunters 'strike gold' in Sudan https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16843-meteorite-hunters-strike-gold-in-sudan.html New Scientist April 4, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090429200504/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16843-meteorite-hunters-strike-gold-in-sudan.html April 29, 2009 liveKwok R. March 26, 2009 Astronomy: The Rock That Fell to Earth Nature 458 7237 401–403 10.1038/458401a 19325604 free Follow up searches in 2008 and 2009 involved over a hundred students and collected 10.5 kg of rock in some 600 fragments. From the initial finds, one sample of the Almahata Sitta meteorite was sent for analysis to a consortium of researchers led by Jenniskens, the Almahata Sitta consortium, including NASA Ames in California, the Johnson Space Center in Houston, the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and Fordham University in New York City. This first sample measured was an anomalous ultra-fine-grained porous polymict ureilite achondrite, with large carbonaceous grains. Almahata Sitta is the first observed polymict ureilite fall. Much new information was obtained on the nature of the ureilite parent body. The astronomical observations, combined with spectral reflectance measurements of the meteorite, identified 2008 TC3 as an F-type asteroid. For the first time, asteroid class and meteorite type were linked. December 16, 2010 Life's Building Blocks Found on Surprising Meteorite http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/asteroid-collision-meteoroid-amino-acids-life-101215.html Space.com August 13, 2013 Already during the first recovery, it was noticed that meteorites of several different appearances were present in the strewnfield. Later work revealed over 20 different meteorite types, most of which were various types of ureilites, but others were enstatite chondrites, ordinary chondrites, carbonaceous chondrites, and some rare and unique meteorite types. Studies in the Almahata Sitta Consortium showed that all types fell from 2008 TC3, the first time a single meteorite fall proved a mixed bag of meteorite types. The discovery of some fragile carbonaceous chondrites and the prominent deposition of dust in the atmosphere during entry suggested the possibility that what was found on the ground may not reflect what came in, from which alternative identities were proposed (e.g., ). In other work, the nanodiamonds found in the meteorite were shown to have grown slowly, suggesting that the source was an earlier planet-sized object in the Solar System.Nabiei Farhang Badro James Dennenwaldt Teresa Oveisi Emad Cantoni Marco Hébert Cécile El Goresy Ahmed Barrat Jean-Alix Gillet Philippe A large planetary body inferred from diamond inclusions in a ureilite meteorite Nature Communications Springer Nature 9 1 1327 April 17, 2018 2041-1723 10.1038/s41467-018-03808-6 free 29666368 5904174 2018NatCo...9.1327N 1 Those claims have since been challenged. More recently, in December 2020, further studies on the fragments have been reported. These studies revealed an extremely rare form of hydrated crystals, in a fragment called AhS 202, known as amphibole, suggesting to the researchers that 2008 TC 3 early on likely belonged to a very large Ceres-class dwarf planet, with a diameter of about ~640 – 1800 km mi.Dockrill Peter Meteorite Clues Point to a Huge, Unknown Object in The Early Solar System https://www.sciencealert.com/a-huge-unknown-object-once-roamed-our-ancient-solar-system-scientists-say 22 December 2020 SpaceAlert.com 22 December 2020 Richard Kowalski, who discovered the object, received a tiny fragment of Almahatta Sitta, a gift from friends and well-wishers on the Minor Planet Mailing List, which Kowalski founded in order to help connect professional and amateur astronomers.Lakdawalla E. September 20, 2009 A piece of an asteroid returns to the telescope that discovered it http://www.planetary.org/blog/article/00002104/ The Planetary Society October 7, 2009 March 4, 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120304215230/http://www.planetary.org/blog/article/00002104/ dead Gallery See also 18em Asteroid impact prediction 1972 Great Daylight Fireball 2014 AA 2018 LA 2019 MO 2022 EB 5 2022 WJ 1 2023 CX 1 Impact event List of notable asteroids WT1190F References Further reading Atkinson N. October 13, 2008 Where Are the Images from Asteroid 2008 TC3? Universe Today http://www.universetoday.com/2008/10/13/where-are-the-images-from-asteroid-2008-tc3/ June 8, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090215155840/http://www.universetoday.com/2008/10/13/where-are-the-images-from-asteroid-2008-tc3/ February 15, 2009 live March 25, 2009 80-ton asteroid's impact recorded https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/7964309.stm BBC News August 13, 2013 Dockweiler T. March 12, 2009 Earth's First Pre-Known Asteroid Impact: The Sudan Event of October 7, 2008 http://img-srv.dtcbuilder.com/engine/builder/images/2/8/0/8/5/4/file/6.pdf Science Newsletter 4 3 1–2 Triton Fun Company August 13, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20120222144723/http://img-srv.dtcbuilder.com/engine/builder/images/2/8/0/8/5/4/file/6.pdf February 22, 2012 dead Gayon-Markt J. Delbo M. Morbidelli A. Marchi S. April 30, 2012 On the origin of the Almahata-Sitta meteorite and 2008 TC3 asteroid Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 424 1 508–518 1206.3042 2012MNRAS.424..508G 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21220.x free 119242802 Lakdawalla E. October 7, 2008 The full story of Earth-impacting asteroid 2008 TC3 http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2008/1684.html The Planetary Society August 13, 2013 Yeomans D. October 7, 2008 Small Asteroid Predicted to Cause Brilliant Fireball over Northern Sudan http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news159.html Near Earth Object Program August 13, 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130406122509/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news159.html April 6, 2013 External links right 350px An image of 2008 TC 3 Animation of 2008 TC 3 Smoky trail (spaceweather.com November 8, 2008) Remanzacco Observatory photographs of the incoming space rock Telescopio Nazionale Galileo photograph of 2008 TC3 Announcement with animation webcam record of flash effect from Red Sea beach at El Gouna, Egypt, 725 km away GIF http://pagesperso-orange.fr/pgj/ELG.gif June 8, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20110314184526/http://pagesperso-orange.fr/pgj/ELG.gif March 14, 2011 live March 28, 2009 Almahata Sitta 15 2008 TC3 orbit and observations at IAU Minor Planet Center 2008+TC3 2008TC3 # 20081006 20081006 Category:Discoveries by Richard Kowalski # Category:Minor planet object articles (unnumbered) Category:Predicted impact events Category:October 2008 in Africa Category:2000s Earth impact events