1936 Tour de France

April 2019 May 2019 1936 Tour de France Route of the 1936 Tour de France.png Route of the 1936 Tour de France followed clockwise, starting in Paris 360px 7 July – 2 August 1936 21, including five split stages 4442 km 142h 47' 32" Sylvère Maes BEL yellow Belgium Antonin Magne FRA France Félicien Vervaecke BEL Belgium Belgium Julián Berrendero ESP 1931 Spain/Luxembourg 1935 1937 The 1936 Tour de France was the 30th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 7 July to 2 August. It was composed of 21 stages with a total length of 4442 km 0 on. Because of health problems, Henri Desgrange stopped as Tour director, and was succeeded by Jacques Goddet. The race was won by Belgian cyclist Sylvère Maes. In the early stages, he battled with French Maurice Archambaud, until Archambaud lost many minutes on the eighth stage. Maes was then able to create a large margin with his new closest competitor Magne and teammate Vervaecke.http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/timeline/Race%20Snippets/TdF/TdF1936.htm Belgian Team Strength – Sylvere Wins! Barry Boyce 2004 Cycling revealed 11 January 2010 The team classification was won by the Belgian team, and Spanish cyclist Julián Berrendero won the mountains classification. There was also a one-time classification, based on points, that was won by Sylvère Maes. Innovations and changes For the first time, a stage was divided into three parts. The race director at the start of the race was still Henri Desgrange, who had been race director since the first Tour de France in 1903. Desgrange, who was already 71 years old, had had kidney surgery weeks before the start of the Tour, but was determined to follow the Tour, and rode in a car full of cushions.McGann McGann 2006 120–125 After the second stage, he stopped, and made Jacques Goddet director.Augendre 2016 34 The individuals category which had been used in 1935 was not used in 1936. The introduction of the summer holiday in France in 1936 meant that the number of spectators on the roadside increased.Dauncey Hare 2003 169 The bonification system was the same as in 1935. This meant that the winner of a stage received 90 seconds, and the second cyclist 45 seconds. In addition, the winner received a bonification equal to the margin between him and the second cyclist, with a maximum of 2 minutes. The last bonification system was also used for the first cyclist to reach a mountain top that counted for the mountains classification. Teams List of teams and cyclists in the 1936 Tour de France The riders were divided into two categories: the national teams and the touriste-routiers.Augendre 2016 34 There were four big national teams with 10 cyclists each: the Belgian team, the German team, the Spanish/Luxembourgian team and the French team. There were also five small teams of 4 cyclists each: the Swiss team, the Dutch team, the Yugoslavian team, the Romanian team and the Austrian team.The history of the Tour de France – Year 1936 – The starters http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1936/partants.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 For the Dutch, Yugoslavian and Romanian teams, it was the first participation ever.http://www.tour-giro-vuelta.net/ Tour-giro-vuelta 8 January 2010 Michiel van Lonkhuyzen The Italian team was absent for political reasons (the Second Italo-Abyssinian War).Augendre 2016 34 An Italian team consisting of Italians living in France had been allowed to the race and even had jersey numbers designated, but finally the Tour organisers changed their minds.McGann McGann 2006 120–125 The teams entering the race were: 20em Belgium Germany Spain/Luxembourg France Switzerland Netherlands Yugoslavia Romania Austria Route and stages Stages 13b, 14b, 18b, 19b and 20b were all run in the team-time-trial format. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2556 m ft on at the summit tunnel of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 7.Augendre 2016 177–178De Ronde van Frankrijk The Tour de France https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010362425:mpeg21:p003 Limburger Koerier 17 July 1936 3 nl Delpher + Stage characteristics and winnershttp://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1936.php Mémoire du cyclisme 30ème Tour de France 1936 fr 5 October 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090709115427/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1935.php 9 July 2009 dead Augendre 2016 34http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1936 Tour de France GC top ten Arian Zwegers CVCC https://web.archive.org/web/20080516071832/http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html 16 May 2008 live 20 April 2009 The history of the Tour de France – Year 1936 – The stage winners http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1936/vainqueurs.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402234549/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1936/vainqueurs.html dead Stage Date Course Distance TypeThe icons shown here indicate whether the stage was run as a team time trial, the stage was flat or the stage included mountains that counted for the mountains classifications. Winner 17 July Paris to Lille 258 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Paul Egli SUI 28 July Lille to Charleville 192 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Robert Wierinckx BEL 39 July Charleville to Metz 161 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Mathias Clemens LUX 410 July Metz to Belfort 220 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Maurice Archambaud FRA 511 July Belfort to Évian-les-Bains 298 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage René Le Grevès FRA 12 July Évian-les-Bains Rest day 613 July Évian-les-Bains to Aix-les-Bains 212 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Éloi Meulenberg BEL 714 July Aix-les-Bains to Grenoble 230 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Theo Middelkamp NED 815 July Grenoble to Briançon 194 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Jean-Marie Goasmat FRA 916 July Briançon to Digne 220 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Léon Level FRA 17 July Digne Rest day 1018 July Digne to Nice 156 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Paul Maye FRA 1119 July Nice to Cannes 126 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Fédérico Ezquerra ESP 1931 20 July Cannes Rest day 1221 July Cannes to Marseille 195 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage René Le Grevès FRA 13a22 July Marseille to Nîmes 112 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage René Le Grevès FRA 13b Nîmes to Montpellier 52 km mi on alt=Team|link=Team time trial|20px Team time trial Sylvère Maes BEL 14a23 July Montpellier to Narbonne 103 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage René Le Grevès FRA 14b Narbonne to Perpignan 63 km mi on alt=Team|link=Team time trial|20px Team time trial Sylvère Maes BEL 24 July Perpignan Rest day 1525 July Perpignan to Luchon 325 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Sauveur Ducazeaux FRA 14 July Luchon Rest day 1627 July Luchon to Pau 194 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Sylvère Maes BEL 28 July Pau Rest day 1729 July Pau to Bordeaux 229 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage René Le Grevès FRA 18a30 July Bordeaux to Saintes 117 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Éloi Meulenberg BEL 18b Saintes to La Rochelle 75 km mi on alt=Team|link=Team time trial|20px Team time trial Sylvère Maes BEL 19a31 July La Rochelle to La Roche-sur-Yon 81 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Marcel Kint BEL 19b La Roche-sur-Yon to Cholet 65 km mi on alt=Team|link=Team time trial|20px Team time trial Félicien Vervaecke BEL 19c Cholet to Angers 67 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Paul Maye FRA 20a1 August Angers to Vire 204 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage René Le Grevès FRA 20b Vire to Caen 55 km mi on alt=Team|link=Team time trial|20px Team time trial Antonin Magne FRA 212 August Caen to Paris 234 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Arsène Mersch LUX Total 4442 km 0 onAugendre 2016 108 Race overview 1936 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 13b 1936 Tour de France, Stage 14a to Stage 21 Swiss Paul Egli won the first stage, and thereby became the first Swiss cyclist to lead the general classification in the Tour de France.Augendre 2016 34 That first stage was run in terrible rain.McGann McGann 2006 120–125 In the second stage, the cyclists were split in two parts, and Egli was in the second part. Archambaud then took over the lead.McGann McGann 2006 120–125 Archambaud lost it to Luxembourgian Mersch in the next stage, but recaptured the lead when he won the fourth stage. thumb|alt=Five persons posing while holding one bicycle|On stage seven, Theo Middelkamp became the first Dutch cyclist to win a Tour de France stage The competition really started in the mountains of the seventh stage. Belgian Romain Maes, the winner of the 1935 Tour, was first over the first mountain, but then gave up, a victim of chronic bronchitis.McGann McGann 2006 120–125 On the next climb, Georges Speicher, winner of the 1930 Tour, gave up. Archambaud was still in the lead after that stage. The stage was won by Theo Middelkamp, who became the first Dutch cyclist to win a Tour stage. Before the 1936 Tour, Middelkamp had never seen a mountain in his life.http://www.wielercentrum.com/tourdefrance/achtergronden/nederlandsehelden/Theo-Middelkamp-605.html Theo Middelkamp 22 March 2006 11 January 2010 Tourdefrance.nl https://web.archive.org/web/20120308104430/http://www.wielercentrum.com/tourdefrance/achtergronden/nederlandsehelden/Theo-Middelkamp-605.html 8 March 2012 usurped In the eighth stage, Archambaud could not follow anymore, and Sylvère Maes took over the lead. In third place was Antonin Magne, who had a good chance to win the race.McGann McGann 2006 120–125 Magne attacked on the next stage, but could not drop Maes. Later, Magne had to let the leading group get away, and lost a minute to Maes.McGann McGann 2006 120–125 The stages between the Alps and the Pyrenees were partly run as team time trials. The Belgian team was superior here, and Magne lost more time. When it was time for the Pyrenees, he was eight minutes behind Maes.McGann McGann 2006 120–125 In stage 15, the podium did not change, so it had to happen in stage 16, the last mountain stage. Magne attacked, but was unable to win back time. Maes was better, and including time bonuses Maes won eighteen minutes on Magne in that stage.McGann McGann 2006 120–125 In that stage, Belgian Félicien Vervaecke had borrowed a bicycle with derailleur. It was allowed for touriste-routiers, but not for national team members, and he was fined with ten minutes penalty time in the general classification. Magne also got 10 minutes penalty time, for having received food when it was not allowed.McGann McGann 2006 120–125 Due to this penalty, Vervaecke lost his second place in the general classification, which Magne took over. In the last part of the race, Maes extended his lead thanks to the team time trials, although the French team was finally also able to win one. Classification leadership and minor prizes thumb|Sylvère Maes (pictured on stage eight) won the general classification|alt=One men holding another men, on the right a man walking with a bicycle The time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. For the mountain classification, 16 mountains were selected by the Tour organisation. On the top of these mountains, ten points were given for the first cyclist to pass, nine points to the second cyclist, and so on, until the tenth cyclist who got one point. There was also a points classification, for which the winner received 100.000 French Francs.http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/1936/08/03/pagina-1/633125/pdf.html 1 Clasificación para la prima de los 100.000 francos es 3 July 1935 El mundo deportivo 2 October 2009 The team classification was calculated in 1936 by adding up the times of the best three cyclists of a team; the team with the least time was the winner. The other teams that started the race, the German, Swiss, Yugoslavian, Romanian and Austrian teams, did not finish with the minimum three cyclists to be eligible for the team classification. +Classification leadership by stagevan den Akker Pieter Informatie over de Tour de France van 1936 Information about the Tour de France from 1936 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1936 https://web.archive.org/web/20190302050015/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1936 2 March 2019 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 2 March 2019 live Stage Winner General classification25px|link= Mountains classificationmountains-jersey No jersey was awarded to the leader of the mountains classification until a white jersey with red polka dots was introduced in 1975.Nauright Parrish 2012 454 Classification for touriste-routiers Team classification 1 Paul Egli Paul Egli no award Décimo Bettini France 2 Robert Wierinckx Maurice Archambaud Belgium 3 Mathias Clemens Arsène Mersch Yvan Marie 4 Maurice Archambaud Maurice Archambaud Fédérico Ezquerra 5 René Le Grevès Sylvain Marcaillou 6 Éloi Meulenberg Yvan Marie 7 Theo Middelkamp 8 Jean-Marie Goasmat Sylvère Maes Jean-Marie Goasmat 9 Léon Level Julián Berrendero Léon Level Luxembourg/Spain 10 Paul Maye 11 Fédérico Ezquerra Fédérico Ezquerra 12 René Le Grevès Belgium 13a René Le Grevès 13b Sylvère Maes 14a René Le Grevès 14b Sylvère Maes 15 Sauveur Ducazeaux Julián Berrendero 16 Sylvère Maes 17 René Le Grevès 18a Éloi Meulenberg 18b Sylvère Maes 19a Marcel Kint 19b Félicien Vervaecke 19c Paul Maye 20a René Le Grevès 20b Antonin Magne 21 Arsène Mersch FinalSylvère Maes Julián Berrendero Léon Level Belgium Final standings General classification + Final general classification (1–10)The history of the Tour de France – Year 1936 – Stage 21 Caen > Paris http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1936/2100/etape.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402220244/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1936/2100/etape.html dead Rank Rider Team Time1 Sylvère Maes BELBelgium 142h 47' 32"2 Antonin Magne FRAFrance + 26' 55"3 Félicien Vervaecke BELBelgium + 27' 53"4 Pierre Clemens LUXSpain/Luxembourg + 42' 42"5 Arsène Mersch LUXSpain/Luxembourg + 52' 52"6 Mariano Cañardo ESP 1931Spain/Luxembourg + 1h 03' 04"7 Mathias Clemens LUXSpain/Luxembourg + 1h 10' 44"8 Leo Amberg SUISwitzerland + 1h 19' 13"9 Marcel Kint BELBelgium + 1h 22' 25"10 Léon Level FRATouriste-routier + 1h 27' 57" Final general classification (11–43) Rank Rider Team Time 11 Julián Berrendero ESP 1931Spain/Luxembourg + 1h 34' 37" 12 Sylvain Marcaillou FRATouriste-routier + 1h 38' 06" 13 Louis Thiétard FRATouriste-routier + 1h 47' 47" 14 Raoul Lesueur FRAFrance + 1h 50' 15" 15 Albert van Schendel NEDNetherlands + 1h 52' 23" 16 Pierre Cogan FRA France + 1h 52' 48" 17 Fédérico Ezquerra ESP 1931Touriste-routier + 1h 54' 39" 18 Robert Tanneveau FRA France + 1h 57' 09" 19 François Neuville BELBelgium + 2h 01' 16" 20 René Le Grevès FRA France + 2h 07' 45" 21 Yvan Marie FRATouriste-routier + 2h 08' 46" 22 Pierre Cloarec FRATouriste-routier + 2h 13' 53" 23 Theo Middelkamp NED Netherlands + 2h 16' 33" 24 Emiliano Álvarez ESP 1931Spain/Luxembourg + 2h 26' 00" 25 Charles Berty FRATouriste-routier + 2h 28' 48" 26 Cyriel Van Overberghe BELBelgium + 2h 30' 14" 27 Alphonse Antoine FRATouriste-routier + 2h 31' 27" 28 Jean-Marie Goasmat FRATouriste-routier + 2h 34' 22" 29 Arthur Debruyckere FRAFrance + 2h 34' 38" 30 Fernand Lemay FRATouriste-routier + 2h 51' 49" 31 Albert Hendrickx BEL Belgium + 2h 57' 26" 32 Antoon van Schendel NED Netherlands + 3h 14' 57" 33 Paul Maye FRA France + 3h 15' 58" 34 Éloi Meulenberg BEL Belgium + 3h 27' 32" 35 Marcel Walle FRATouriste-routier + 3h 29' 14" 36 Raymond Passat FRATouriste-routier + 3h 33' 58" 37 Sauveur Ducazeaux FRATouriste-routier + 3h 38' 18" 38 Edmond Pagès FRATouriste-routier + 3h 48' 26" 39 Gabriel Dubois FRATouriste-routier + 4h 09' 18" 40 Fabien Galateau FRATouriste-routier + 4h 21' 35" 41 Antoine Latorre FRATouriste-routier + 4h 23' 16" 42 Abd-el-Kader Abbes ALGTouriste-routier + 4h 43' 33" 43 Aldo Bertocco FRATouriste-routier + 4h 49' 07" Mountains classification +Mountains in the mountains classificationAugendre 2016 175–192Stage RiderHeightMountain range Winner 4Ballon d'Alsace1178 m ftVosgesFédérico Ezquerra 6Aravis1498 m ftAlpsFédérico Ezquerra 7Galibier2556 m ftAlpsFédérico Ezquerra 8Côte de Laffrey900 m ftAlpsJulián Berrendero 9Izoard2361 m ftAlpsSylvère Maes 9Vars2110 m ftAlpsJulián Berrendero 9Allos2250 m ftAlpsJulián Berrendero 11Braus1002 m ftAlps-MaritimesFélicien Vervaecke 11La Turbie555 m ftAlps-MaritimesFédérico Ezquerra 15Puymorens1920 m ftPyreneesFédérico Ezquerra 15Port1249 m ftPyreneesFélicien Vervaecke 15Portet d'Aspet1069 m ftPyreneesSauveur Ducazeaux 16Peyresourde1569 m ftPyreneesJulián Berrendero 16Aspin1489 m ftPyreneesYvan Marie 16Tourmalet2115 m ftPyreneesSylvère Maes 16Aubisque1709 m ftPyreneesSylvère Maes + Final mountains classification (1–10)https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4629602g/f4.item.zoom 4 Le tableau d'honneur des grimpeurs du Tour fr 29 July 1936 L'Auto No 13008 Rank Rider Team Points1 Julián Berrendero ESP 1931Spain/Luxembourg 1322 Sylvère Maes BELBelgium 1123 Fédérico Ezquerra ESP 1931Spain/Luxembourg 994 Félicien Vervaecke BELBelgium 955 Antonin Magne FRAFrance 636 Leo Amberg SUISwitzerland 487 Louis Thiétard FRATouriste-routier 458 Pierre Clemens LUXSpain/Luxembourg 389 Yvan Marie FRATouriste-routier 2810 Jean-Marie Goasmat FRATouriste-routier 27 Classification for 100.000 francs + Final standings (1–3) Rank Rider Team Points1 Sylvère Maes BELBelgium 112 Fédérico Ezquerra ESP 1931Spain/Luxembourg 82 Jean-Marie Goasmat FRATouriste-routier 8 Team classification + Final team classification (1–5)http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD02/HEM/1935/07/29/MD19350729-002.pdf La Vuelta a Francia desde M. Garin, 1903, a Sylvere Maes es 5 August 1936 Mundo Deportivo 2 https://web.archive.org/web/20120731194424/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD02/HEM/1935/07/29/MD19350729-002.pdf 31 July 2012 livehttp://www.veloarchive.com/races/tour/1936.php 1936: Sylvère takes over where Romain left off Tom James 15 August 2003 5 October 2009 Rank Team Time1 Belgium 430h 12' 54"2 Spain/Luxembourg + 48' 20"3 France + 2h 19' 40"4 Netherlands + 5h 23' 28"5 Switzerland + 9h 54' 01" Aftermath The stage victory of the Dutch team convinced the Tour organisation to invite them in 1937 again. Notes References 30em Bibliography Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf Guide historique Historical guide 2016 fr 27 October 2016 Tour de France Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf 17 August 2016 live Dauncey Hare Hugh Geoff The Tour de France, 1903–2003: A Century of Sporting Structures, Meanings and Values https://books.google.com/books?id=54pAJY6Ix8YC 2003 Frank Cass & Co London 978-0-203-50241-9 McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1903–1964 1 https://books.google.com/books?id=jxq20JskqMUC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis 2006 978-1-59858-180-5 Nauright John Parrish Charles Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice 2 https://books.google.com/books?id=IkLYDgTnMxEC 2012 ABC-CLIO Santa Barbara, California 978-1-59884-300-2 Further reading Mapping Le Tour Ellis Bacon HarperCollins Publishers Glasgow 2014 82–83 9780007543991 872700415 External links 1936 Tour de France 1 13b 14a 21 Category:1936 in road cycling Category:1936 in French sport 1936 Category:July 1936 sports events in Europe Category:August 1936 sports events in Europe