1964 Summer Olympics

Multi-sport event in Tokyo, Japan Tokyo 1964 the Summer Paralympics 1964 Summer Paralympics 1964 Summer Olympics Tokyo 1964 Summer Olympics logo.svg 135 Emblem of the 1964 Summer Olympics Tokyo, Japan 93 5,137 (4,457 men, 680 women) 163 in 19 sports (25 disciplines) 10 October 1964 24 October 1964 Emperor ShowaFactsheet – Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Opening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf live International Olympic Committee 9 October 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20160814215458/https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Opening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf 14 August 2016 22 December 2018 Yoshinori Sakai National Stadium Rome 1960 Mexico City 1968 Innsbruck 1964 Grenoble 1968 IOC president Avery Brundage The 1964 Summer Olympics, 1964年夏季オリンピック 1964-Nen Kaki Orinpikku yes lower-alpha officially the Games of the XVIII Olympiad 第18回オリンピック競技大会 Dai Jūhachi-kai Orinpikku Kyōgi Taikai yes lower-alpha and commonly known as Tokyo 1964,ja 東京1964 were an international multi-sport event held from 10 to 24 October 1964 in Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo had been awarded the organization of the 1940 Summer Olympics, but this honor was subsequently passed to Helsinki due to Japan's invasion of China, before ultimately being cancelled due to World War II. The 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo were the first Olympic Games held in the city and, 2021 as of 2021, the only ones to have spectators, as the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo were conducted without spectators due to the COVID-19 pandemic.2021-07-08 Tokyo Olympics: Spectators largely barred as Covid emergency declared https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57760883 2025-11-07 en-GBOlympic Games Tokyo 1964 https://www.olympics.com/en/olympic-games/tokyo-1964 live 2 November 2025 www.olympics.com Tokyo was chosen as the host city during the 55th IOC Session in West Germany (modern day Germany) on 26 May 1959.Japan’s Bid for the 1964 Olympics Japanese Olympic Committee https://www.joc.or.jp/english/historyjapan/history_japan_bid02.html 2026-03-01 The 1964 Summer Games were the first Olympics held in Asia, and marked the first time South Africa was excluded for using its apartheid system in sports.BBC News On This Day, 18 August, "1964: South Africa banned from Olympics" .http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/past.html Past Olympic Host City Election Results GamesWeb.com 23 September 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20080915163900/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/past.html 15 September 2008 dead Until 1960, South Africa had fielded segregated teams, conforming to the country's racial classifications; for the 1964 Games the International Olympic Committee demanded a multi-racial delegation to be sent, and after South Africa refused, they were excluded from participating. The country was, however, allowed to compete at the 1964 Summer Paralympics, also held in Tokyo, its Paralympic Games debut.http://www.paralympic.org/Sport/Results/search.html?npc=RSA&gender=all&medal=all&sport=all&games=all Paralympic Results & Historical Records for RSA International Paralympic Committee 27 February 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20111218030009/http://www.paralympic.org/Sport/Results/search.html?npc=RSA&gender=all&medal=all&sport=all&games=all 18 December 2011 live The 1964 Games were also the first to be telecast internationally without the need for tapes to be flown overseas, as they had been for the 1960 Olympics four years earlier. The games were telecast to the United States using Syncom 3, the first geostationary communication satellite, and from there to Europe using Relay 1.https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-1RVAAAAIBAJ&pg=5918%2C2615007 The Miami News – Google News Archive Search The Miami News 10 October 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033836/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-1RVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7T4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=5918%2C2615007 17 November 2015 live These were also the first Olympic Games to have color telecasts, albeit partially. Certain events such as the sumo wrestling and judo matches, sports popular in Japan, were tried out using Toshiba's new colour transmission system, but only for the domestic market. The entire 1964 Olympic Games was chronicled in the ground-breaking 1965 sports documentary film Tokyo Olympiad, directed by Kon Ichikawa. The games were scheduled for mid-October to avoid the city's midsummer heat and humidity and the September typhoon season.http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1075316/index.htm Sports Illustrated A very dry run in Tokyo Griggs Lee 28 October 1963 64 17 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140222142617/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1075316/index.htm 22 February 2014 dead The previous Olympics in Rome in 1960 started in late August and experienced hot weather. The following games in 1968 in Mexico City also began in October. The 1964 Olympics were also the last to use a traditional cinder track for the track events. Since 1968, a smooth, synthetic, all-weather track has been used. The United States topped the gold medal table at these Games, while the Soviet Union won the most medals overall. In 2021, due to delay over the COVID-19 pandemic, Tokyo hosted the 2020 Summer Olympics, making it the first city in Asia to host the Summer Olympic Games twice. Japan also hosted the Winter Olympics twice with the Sapporo 1972 and Nagano 1998 games. Host city selection Tokyo won the rights to the Games on 26 May 1959 at the 55th IOC Session in Munich, West Germany, over bids from Detroit, Brussels and Vienna.http://www.aldaver.com/votes.html IOC Vote History Aleksandr Vernik aldaver.com https://web.archive.org/web/20080525070757/http://www.aldaver.com/votes.html 25 May 2008 usurped 10 October 2014 Toronto was an early bidder again in 1964 after the failed attempt for 1960 and failed to make the final round.https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/07/24/toronto-has-made-5-attempts-to-host-the-olympics-could-the-sixth-be-the-winner.html Toronto has made 5 attempts to host the Olympics. Could the sixth be the winner? 24 July 2015 thestar.com 23 August 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20150910160435/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/07/24/toronto-has-made-5-attempts-to-host-the-olympics-could-the-sixth-be-the-winner.html 10 September 2015 live Edwards Peter + 1964 Summer Olympics bidding resulthttp://www.gamesbids.com/english/archives/past.shtml Past Olympic host city election results GamesBids 17 March 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110124022022/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/past.html 24 January 2011 live City CountryRound 1 Tokyo Japan 1947 34 Detroit United States 1912 10 Vienna Austria 9 Brussels Belgium 5 Highlights thumb|upright|Yoshinori Sakai running toward the Olympic cauldron. thumb|upright|Marathon winner Abebe Bikila of Ethiopia thumb|upright|Competitor medal awarded to Irish yachtsman Eddie Kelliher at the games Yūji Koseki composed the theme song of the opening ceremony.http://www.kosekiyuji-kinenkan.jp/profile/index.html Profile The Yuji Koseki Memorial ja 7 October 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191010234954/http://www.kosekiyuji-kinenkan.jp/profile/index.html 10 October 2019 live Yoshinori Sakai, who lit the Olympic flame, was born in Hiroshima on 6 August 1945, the day an atomic bomb was dropped on that city. He was chosen for the role to symbolize Japan's postwar reconstruction and peace.http://www.joc.or.jp/stories/tokyo/20040422_tokyo01.html JOC – 東京オリンピックから40年 (Forty years from Tokyo Olympics) 2004 Masuda, Masafumi ja 12 August 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20080423044513/http://www.joc.or.jp/stories/tokyo/20040422_tokyo01.html 23 April 2008 Kumi-daiko was first exhibited to a worldwide audience at the Festival of Arts presentation.Varian Heidi The Way of Taiko: 2nd Edition 2013 Stone Bridge Press 978-1611720129 28–29 https://books.google.com/books?id=PuRSmQEACAAJ 18 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20160512095826/https://books.google.com/books?id=PuRSmQEACAAJ 12 May 2016 live Judo and volleyball, both popular sports in Japan, were introduced to the Olympics.Organizing Committee 1964 43–44 Japan won gold medals in three judo events, but Dutchman Anton Geesink won the Open category, defeating Akio Kaminaga in front of his home crowd.Takahashi, Masao https://books.google.com/books?id=qZrXwJCXOuEC&pg=PA7 Mastering Judo Human Kinetics 2005 073605099X 7Anton Geesink Bio, Stats, and Results https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ge/anton-geesink-1.html https://web.archive.org/web/20161203053716/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ge/anton-geesink-1.html 2016-12-03 2025-10-06 Olympics at Sports-Reference.com en The Japanese women's volleyball team won the gold medal, with the final being broadcast live. The women's pentathlon (shot put, high jump, hurdling, sprint and long jump) was introduced to the athletics events.Matthews Peter Historical Dictionary of Track and Field https://books.google.com/books?id=dQFHe9RwE0wC&pg=PA164 11 May 2016 2012 Scarecrow Press 9780810867819 164–65 Pentathlon Reigning world champion Osamu Watanabe capped off his career with a gold medal for Japan in freestyle wrestling, surrendering no points and retiring from competition as the only undefeated Olympic champion to date at 189–0.https://theolympians.co/2015/07/02/osamu-animal-watanabe-189-straight-victories-in-wrestling/ Osamu "Animal" Watanabe – 189 Straight Victories in Wrestling Roy Tomizawa The Olympians from 1964 to 2020 2 July 2015 7 October 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191021062935/https://theolympians.co/2015/07/02/osamu-animal-watanabe-189-straight-victories-in-wrestling/ 21 October 2019 live Soviet gymnast Larisa Latynina won two gold medals, a silver medal and two bronze medals. She had held the record for most Olympic medals at 18 (nine gold, five silver, four bronze) which stood until broken by American swimmer Michael Phelps in 2012.http://www.cnn.com/2008/SPORT/05/06/larysalatynina/index.html Larysa Latynina 7 July 2008 CNN 7 October 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191007174346/http://www.cnn.com/2008/SPORT/05/06/larysalatynina/index.html 7 October 2019 live Czechoslovak gymnast Věra Čáslavská won three gold medals, including the individual all-around competition, crowning her the new queen over the reigning champion Larisa Latynina.https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1964/GYM/ Gymnastics at the 1964 Tokyo Summer Games 1 August 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191001094921/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1964/GYM/ 1 October 2019 dead Australian swimmer Dawn Fraser won the 100 m freestyle event for the third time in a row,https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/fr/dawn-fraser-1.html Dawn Fraser 1 August 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20130917220142/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/fr/dawn-fraser-1.html 17 September 2013 dead a feat matched by Soviet Vyacheslav Ivanov in rowing's single scull event.https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/iv/vyacheslav-ivanov-1.html Vyacheslav Ivanov 1 August 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190822173111/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/iv/vyacheslav-ivanov-1.html 22 August 2019 dead Don Schollander won four gold medals in swimming.https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sc/don-schollander-1.html Don Schollander 1 August 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191001094612/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sc/don-schollander-1.html 1 October 2019 dead Abebe Bikila (Ethiopia) became the first person to win the Olympic marathon twice.https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wmZkAAAAIBAJ&pg=2756,2571883 Fastest Marathon Ever and Abebe Did Not Tire Associated Press 22 October 1964 Calgary Herald 19 January 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20191010234959/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wmZkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z3wNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2756,2571883 10 October 2019 live 15-year-old Sharon Stouder won four medals in women's swimming, three of them gold. New Zealand's Peter Snell became the third person (after British Albert Hill in 1920 and Australian Edwin Flack in 1896) to win gold medals in both the 800 m and 1500 m in the same Olympics.https://nzhistory.govt.nz/peter-snell-completes-the-800-1500-m-double-in-tokyo Peter Snell wins second gold in Tokyo New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage 7 October 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191010235005/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/peter-snell-completes-the-800-1500-m-double-in-tokyo 10 October 2019 live Billy Mills, an unfancied runner, became the only American, as well as the first Native American, to win the gold in the men's 10,000 m.August 14, 2008 http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Home_Page.htm Marine Corps History Division August 13, 2008 Marine Corps History Division, United States Marine Corps https://web.archive.org/web/20070408131859/http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Home_Page.htm April 8, 2007 dead dmy-all Bob Hayes won the 100 metre title in a time of 10.06 seconds, equaling the world record, and set the current record for the fastest relay leg in the 4×100 m.http://www.espn.com/olympics/summer08/fanguide/athlete?athlete=5325 Bob Hayes Olympics Fan Guide ESPN 7 October 2019 Joe Frazier, future heavyweight champion of the world, won a gold medal in heavyweight boxing while competing with a broken thumb.Frazier Frazier Joe Smokin' Joe: The Autobiography March 1996 MacMillan 002860847X 34 This was the last Summer Olympics to use a cinder running track for athletic events, and the first to use fiberglass poles for pole vaulting.https://www.olympic.org/tokyo-1964 Tokyo 1964 Olympic Games 24 April 2018 7 October 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191010234941/https://www.olympic.org/tokyo-1964 10 October 2019 live Zambia declared its independence on the day of the closing ceremony of the 1964 Summer Olympics, thereby becoming the first country ever to have entered an Olympic Games as one country, and left it as another.https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2016/08/14/our-lives/30-years-japan-teacher-zambia-still-learning/ After 30 years in Japan, teacher from Zambia is still learning McNeil Baye 14 August 2016 The Japan Times 7 October 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191007174345/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2016/08/14/our-lives/30-years-japan-teacher-zambia-still-learning/ 7 October 2019 live This was celebrated in the ceremony itself by the team using a placard with "Zambia" instead of the "Northern Rhodesia" placard from the opening ceremony. Zambia was the only team to use a placard in the closing ceremony.BSスペシャル『青春TVタイムトラベル』 第4回 プレイバック・東京オリンピック（NHK衛星第2テレビジョン／1992年12月26日放送で土門自身が振り返ってコメントしている） The start of operations for the first Japanese "bullet train" (the Tōkaidō Shinkansen) between Tokyo Station and Shin-Ōsaka Station was scheduled to coincide with the Olympic Games. The first regularly scheduled train ran on 1 October 1964, just nine days before the opening of the games, transporting passengers 515 km mi -1 or in about four hours, and connecting the three major metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka.https://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2013/09/05/the-1964-tokyo-olympics-a-turning-point-for-japan/ The 1964 Tokyo Olympics: A Turning Point for Japan Martin Alexander 5 September 2013 The Wall Street Journal 7 October 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191007174345/https://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2013/09/05/the-1964-tokyo-olympics-a-turning-point-for-japan/ 7 October 2019 live Ranatunge Karunananda who represented Ceylon in men's 10,000 meters, continued to run alone even after the others had finished the race. Spectators first started to jeer at him. But when he came around a second time, there was silence. Finally he finished the race amid cheers and applause.http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=36888 R.J.K. Karunananda: A forgotten hero The Island 27 May 2013http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=55374 Sri Lanka's unsung Karunananda, a hero in Tokyo! The Island 27 May 2013 Karunananda's Olympic story has been entered into Japanese school textbooks titled 'Uniform Number 67', 'Bottom Ranked Hero'.http://www.sundaytimes.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24228:athletics-the-inside-story-of-marathon-karus-legend&catid=58:news&Itemid=626 Athletics: The inside story of 'Marathon Karu's' legend Sunday Times 15 September 2012 27 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20120917012648/http://sundaytimes.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24228%3Aathletics-the-inside-story-of-marathon-karus-legend&catid=58%3Anews&Itemid=626 17 September 2012 dead Sports The 1964 Summer Olympics featured 19 different sports encompassing 25 disciplines, and medals were awarded in 163 events. In the list below, the number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. 17em Aquatics Diving 4 d Swimming 18 d Water polo 1 d Athletics 36 d Basketball 1 d Boxing 10 d Canoeing 7 d Cycling d Road (2) Track (5) Equestrian d Dressage (2) Eventing (2) Jumping (2) Fencing 8 d Field hockey 1 d Football 1 d Gymnastics 14 d Judo 4 d Modern pentathlon 2 d Rowing 7 d Sailing 5 d Shooting 6 d Volleyball 2 d Weightlifting 7 d Wrestling d Freestyle (8) Greco-Roman (8) Note: In the Japan Olympic Committee report, sailing is listed as "yachting". Demonstration sports Baseball Budō (kyūdō, sumo, kendo) Medal count 1964 Summer Olympics medal table FlagIOC 1964 Summer 36 26 28 30 31 35 16 5 8 yes 10 22 18 10 10 7 10 7 5 7 6 10 6 2 10 5 6 3 4 12 2 Conventionally, countries are ranked by the number of gold medals they receive, followed then by the number of silver medals and, finally, bronze.http://www.olympic.org/en/content/All-Olympic-results-since-1896/?Games=1333842&AthleteName=&Category=&Sport=&Event=&MenGender=false&WomenGender=false&MixedGender=false&TeamClassification=false&IndividualClassification=false&Continent=&Country=&GoldMedal=false&SilverMedal=false&BronzeMedal=false&TargetResults=true Olympic Games Tokyo 1964 – Medal Table 11 October 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20091006090939/http://www.olympic.org/en/content/All-Olympic-results-since-1896/?Games=1333842&AthleteName=&Category=&Sport=&Event=&MenGender=false&WomenGender=false&MixedGender=false&TeamClassification=false&IndividualClassification=false&Continent=&Country=&GoldMedal=false&SilverMedal=false&BronzeMedal=false&TargetResults=true 6 October 2009 live Participating National Olympic Committees thumb|Participants thumb|Number of athletes per country Ninety-four nations participated in the 1964 Games. Sixteen nations made their first Olympic appearance in Tokyo: Algeria, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire (as Ivory Coast), Dominican Republic, Libya (but it withdrew before the competition), Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Northern Rhodesia, Senegal, and Tanzania (as Tanganyika). Malaysia previously competed as Malaya.October 2022 Cambodia returned to compete in Olympics after being absent in the 1960 Summer Olympics, but competed in all events despite having only competed in equestrian event in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. Northern Rhodesia achieved full independence as Zambia on the same day as the closing ceremony. Athletes from Southern Rhodesia competed under the banner of Rhodesia; this was the last of three appearances at the Summer Olympics by a Rhodesian representation. Zimbabwe would later make its first appearance at the 1980 Summer Olympics.Zimbabwe at the 1980 Moskva Summer Games Olympics at Sports-Reference.com https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/ZIM/summer/1980/ https://web.archive.org/web/20200417090347/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/ZIM/summer/1980/ 2020-04-17 2025-12-08 Olympics at Sports-Reference.com en Athletes from East Germany and West Germany competed together as the United Team of Germany, as they had done previously in 1956 and 1960. The nations would enter separate teams beginning with the 1968 Winter Olympics.October 2022 Indonesia was banned from the 1964 Olympics, due to its refusal to allow Israeli and Taiwanese athletes visas at the 1962 Asian Games. Indonesia was originally banned on the meeting which took place in Lausanne on 7 February 1963.Milutin Tomanović (1965) Hronika međunarodnih događaja 1964, Institute of International Politics and Economics: Belgrade, p. 353 (in Serbo-Croatian) The decision was changed on 26 June 1964 citing the changed position of the Government of Indonesia towards the Tokyo games. Participating National Olympic Committees18em AFG 1964 Summer 8 ALG 1964 Summer 1 ARG 1964 Summer 102 AUS 1964 Summer 243 AUT 1964 Summer 56 BAH 1964 Summer 11 BEL 1964 Summer 61 BER 1964 Summer 4 BOL 1964 Summer 1 BRA 1964 Summer 61 BUL 1964 Summer 63 BIR 1964 Summer 11 CAM 1964 Summer 13 CMR 1964 Summer 1 CAN 1964 Summer 115 CEY 1964 Summer 6 CHA 1964 Summer 2 CHI 1964 Summer 14 COL 1964 Summer 20 CGO 1964 Summer 2 CRC 1964 Summer 2 CUB 1964 Summer 27 TCH 1964 Summer 104 DEN 1964 Summer 60 DOM 1964 Summer 1 EGY 1964 Summer 73 ETH 1964 Summer 12 FIN 1964 Summer 89 FRA 1964 Summer 138 GHA 1964 Summer 33 GBR 1964 Summer 204 GRE 1964 Summer 18 GUY 1964 Summer 1 HKG 1964 Summer 39 HUN 1964 Summer 182 ISL 1964 Summer 4 IND 1964 Summer 53 IRI 1964 Summer 62 IRQ 1964 Summer 13 IRL 1964 Summer 25 ISR 1964 Summer 10 ITA 1964 Summer 168 CIV 1964 Summer 9 JAM 1964 Summer 21 JPN 1964 Summer 328 (host) KEN 1964 Summer 37 LIB 1964 Summer 5 LBR 1964 Summer 1 LIE 1964 Summer 2 LUX 1964 Summer 12 MAD 1964 Summer 3 MAS 1964 Summer 61 MLI 1964 Summer 2 MEX 1964 Summer 94 MON 1964 Summer 1 MGL 1964 Summer 21 MAR 1964 Summer 20 NEP 1964 Summer 6 NED 1964 Summer 125 AHO 1964 Summer 4 NZL 1964 Summer 64 NIG 1964 Summer 1 NGR 1964 Summer 18 NRH 1964 Summer 12 NOR 1964 Summer 26 PAK 1964 Summer 41 PAN 1964 Summer 10 PER 1964 Summer 31 PHI 1964 Summer 47 POL 1964 Summer 140 POR 1964 Summer 20 PUR 1964 Summer 32 RHO 1964 Summer 29 ROU 1964 Summer 138 SEN 1964 Summer 12 KOR 1964 Summer 154 URS 1964 Summer 317 ESP 1964 Summer 51 SWE 1964 Summer 94 SUI 1964 Summer 66 ROC 1964 Summer Taiwan 40 TAG 1964 Summer 4 THA 1964 Summer 54 TRI 1964 Summer 13 TUN 1964 Summer 9 TUR 1964 Summer 23 UGA 1964 Summer 13 USA 1964 Summer 346 EUA 1964 Summer 337 URU 1964 Summer 23 VEN 1964 Summer 16 VIE 1964 Summer 16 YUG 1964 Summer 75 LBA 1964 Summer also took part in the Opening Ceremony, but its lone athlete (a marathon runner) withdrew from competition.Complete official IOC report. Volume 2 part 1 http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1964/or1964v2pt1.pdf 17 October 2012 Fighi Hassan, Suliman – LIBYA – Absent https://web.archive.org/web/20120212112626/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1964/or1964v2pt1.pdf 12 February 2012 live Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees IOC Letter Code Country Athletes USA USA 1964 Summer 346 EUA EUA 1964 Summer 337 JPN JPN 1964 Summer 328 URS URS 1964 Summer 317 AUS AUS 1964 Summer 243 GBR GBR 1964 Summer 204 HUN HUN 1964 Summer 182 ITA ITA 1964 Summer 168 KOR KOR 1964 Summer 154 POL POL 1964 Summer 140 FRA FRA 1964 Summer 138 ROU ROU 1964 Summer 138 NED NED 1964 Summer 125 CAN CAN 1964 Summer 115 CZS TCH 1964 Summer 104 ARG ARG 1964 Summer 102 MEX MEX 1964 Summer 94 SWE SWE 1964 Summer 94 FIN FIN 1964 Summer 89 YUG YUG 1964 Summer 75 EGY EGY 1964 Summer 73 SUI SUI 1964 Summer 66 NZL NZL 1964 Summer 64 BUL BUL 1964 Summer 63 IRN IRN 1964 Summer 62 BEL BEL 1964 Summer 61 BRA BRA 1964 Summer 61 MAS MAS 1964 Summer 61 DEN DEN 1964 Summer 60 AUT AUT 1964 Summer 56 THA THA 1964 Summer 54 IND IND 1964 Summer 53 SPA ESP 1964 Summer 51 PHI PHI 1964 Summer 47 PAK PAK 1964 Summer 41 TWN ROC 1964 Summer Taiwan 40 HKG HKG 1964 Summer 39 KEN KEN 1964 Summer 37 GHA GHA 1964 Summer 33 PUR PUR 1964 Summer 32 PER PER 1964 Summer 31 RHO RHO 1964 Summer 29 CUB CUB 1964 Summer 27 NOR NOR 1964 Summer 26 IRL IRL 1964 Summer 25 TUR TUR 1964 Summer 23 URU URU 1964 Summer 23 JAM JAM 1964 Summer 21 MGL MGL 1964 Summer 21 COL COL 1964 Summer 20 MAR MAR 1964 Summer 20 POR POR 1964 Summer 20 GRE GRE 1964 Summer 18 NGR NGR 1964 Summer 18 VEN VEN 1964 Summer 16 VIE VIE 1964 Summer 16 CHI CHI 1964 Summer 14 CAM CAM 1964 Summer 13 IRQ IRQ 1964 Summer 13 TRI TRI 1964 Summer 13 UGA UGA 1964 Summer 13 ETH ETH 1964 Summer 12 LUX LUX 1964 Summer 12 NRH NRH 1964 Summer 12 SEN SEN 1964 Summer 12 BAH BAH 1964 Summer 11 BIR BIR 1964 Summer 11 ISR ISR 1964 Summer 10 PAN PAN 1964 Summer 10 CIV CIV 1964 Summer 9 TUN TUN 1964 Summer 9 AFG AFG 1964 Summer 8 CEY CEY 1964 Summer 6 NEP NEP 1964 Summer 6 LIB LIB 1964 Summer 5 BER BER 1964 Summer 4 ISL ISL 1964 Summer 4 NAN AHO 1964 Summer 4 TAG TAG 1964 Summer 4 MAD MAD 1964 Summer 3 CHA CHA 1964 Summer 2 CGO CGO 1964 Summer 2 CRC CRC 1964 Summer 2 LIE LIE 1964 Summer 2 MLI MLI 1964 Summer 2 AGR ALG 1964 Summer 1 BOL BOL 1964 Summer 1 CMR CMR 1964 Summer 1 DOM DOM 1964 Summer 1 GUY GUY 1964 Summer 1 LBR LBR 1964 Summer 1 MON MON 1964 Summer 1 NGR NIG 1964 Summer 1 Total 5,137 Calendar October 2022 All dates are in Japan Standard Time (UTC+9) OCOpening ceremony●Event competitions1Gold medal eventsCCClosing ceremony October 196410thSat11thSun12thMon13thTue14thWed15thThu16thFri17thSat18thSun19thMon20thTue21stWed22ndThu23rdFri24thSatEvents20px CeremoniesOC CC Aquatics 20px Diving | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | | | | |23 20px Swimming | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |3 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |3 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |4 | | | | | | 20px Water polo | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | | | | | | 20px Athletics | | | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |3 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |4 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |5 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |6 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |5 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |4 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |3 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |6 | | |36 20px Basketball | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |1 20px Boxing | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |10 |1020px Canoeing | | | | | | | | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |7 | |7Cycling20px Road cycling | | | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | | | | | | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | |7 20px Track cycling | | | | | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 | | | | 20px Equestrian | | | | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |26 20px Fencing | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |820px Field hockey | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |1 20px Football | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |1 20px Gymnastics | | | | | | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |5 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |5 |14 20px Judo | | | | | | | | | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |4 20px Modern pentathlon | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 | | | | | | | | |2 20px Rowing | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |7 | | | | | | | | |7 20px Sailing | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |5 | | |5 20px Shooting | | | | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | | | |620px Volleyball | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |2 20px Weightlifting | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | | | | | |7 20px Wrestling | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |8 | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |8 | | | | |16Daily medal events 1 4 317 19 12 12 13 1710 15 14 24 2163Cumulative total 1 58 2544 56 68 81 98 108 123 137 161 163 October 196410thSat11thSun12thMon13thTue14thWed15thThu16thFri17thSat18thSun19thMon20thTue21stWed22ndThu23rdFri24thSatTotal events Venues October 2022 Venues of the 1964 Summer Olympics thumb|Yoyogi National Gymnasium, designed by Kenzo Tange thumb|Nippon Budokan Asaka Nezu Park – Modern pentathlon (riding) Asaka Shooting Range – Modern pentathlon (shooting), Shooting (pistol/ rifle) Chofu City – Athletics (marathon, 50 kilometre walk) Enoshima – Sailing Fuchu City – Athletics (marathon, 50 kilometre walk) Hachioji City – Cycling (road) Hachioji Velodrome – Cycling (track) Karasuyama-machi – Athletics (marathon, 50 kilometre walk) Karuizawa – Equestrian Kemigawa – Modern pentathlon (running) Komazawa Gymnasium – Wrestling Komazawa Hockey Field – Field hockey Komazawa Stadium – Football preliminaries Komazawa Volleyball Courts – Volleyball preliminaries Korakuen Ice Palace – Boxing Lake Sagami – Canoeing Mitsuzawa Football Field – Football preliminaries Nagai Stadium – Football preliminaries Yoyogi National Gymnasium – Basketball (final), Diving, Modern pentathlon (swimming), Swimming National Stadium – Athletics, Equestrian (team jumping), Football (final) Nippon Budokan – Judo Nishikyogoku Athletic Stadium – Football preliminaries Ōmiya Football Field – Football preliminaries Prince Chichibu Memorial Football Field – Football preliminaries Sasazuka-machi – Athletics (marathon, 50 kilometre walk) Shibuya Public Hall – Weightlifting Shinjuku – Athletics (marathon, 50 kilometre walk) Toda Rowing Course – Rowing Tokorozawa Shooting Range – Shooting (trap) Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium – Gymnastics Tokyo Metropolitan Indoor Swimming Pool – Water polo Waseda Memorial Hall – Fencing, Modern pentathlon (fencing) Yokohama Cultural Gymnasium – Volleyball Transportation and communications These games were the first to be telecast internationally. The games were telecast to the United States using Syncom 3,http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,876272,00.html For Gold, Silver & Bronze 16 October 1964 TIME 5 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20080621141102/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,876272,00.html 21 June 2008 dead the first geostationary communication satellite, and from there to Europe using Relay 1, an older satellite which allowed only 15–20 minutes of broadcast during each of its orbits.Martin Donald H. Communications Satellites The Aerospace Press El Segundo, CA 2000 fourth 8–9 1-884989-09-8 https://books.google.com/books?id=_azf94TByF8C&q=Relay+1 31 October 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20111213010311/http://books.google.com/books?id=_azf94TByF8C&dq=%E2%80%9CCommunications+Satellites%E2%80%9D&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=FmAl0E1Lhw&sig=VJJDtAkVOiuNPN859rsm3o69tNU&hl=en&ei=UczsSojPHYbwMdGzgIQM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CBAQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Relay%201&f=false 13 December 2011 livehttps://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19660009169_1966009169.pdf Significant Achievements in Space Communications and Navigation, 1958–1964 1966 NASA-SP-93 NASA 30–32 31 October 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20100514083032/http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19660009169_1966009169.pdf 14 May 2010 live Total broadcast time of programs delivered via satellite was 5 hours 41 minutes in the United States, 12 hours 27 minutes in Europe, and 14 hours 18 minutes in Canada. Pictures were received via satellite in the United States, Canada, and 21 countries in Europe.Organizing Committee 1964 381–400 Several broadcasters recorded some sports from Japan and flown over to their countries. While the agreement to use satellite to transmit the games live to the United States was a proud achievement for the American government and Hughes Corporation which developed the satellites, NBC the rights holder had little interest in the project.Espy 1981 92 NBC's participation was due to pressure from the Under-Secretary of State for Political Affairs Averell Harriman, and NBC intended to record the live transmissions for later use in sponsored shows. NBC broadcast the opening ceremonies live on the East coast of the United States, but delayed the broadcast on the West coast to 1:00 a.m. so Johnny Carson's Tonight Show would not be interrupted. When pressed on the issue NBC announced there would be no more live telecasts which angered the American State Department which saw the broadcasts as a matter of national prestige, and also the Hughes Aircraft Company who won the bid to build the satellite system over RCA which owned NBC.Espy 1981 93 TRANSPAC-1, the first trans-Pacific communications cable from Japan to Hawaii was also finished in June 1964 in time for these games. Before this, most communications from Japan to other countries were via shortwave. The start of operations for the first Japanese bullet train (the Tokaido Shinkansen) between Tokyo Station and Shin-Ōsaka Station was scheduled to coincide with the Olympic games. The first regularly scheduled train ran on 1 October 1964, just nine days before the opening of the games, transporting passengers 515 km mi us in about four hours, and connecting the three major metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka. Some already-planned upgrades to both highways and commuter rail lines were rescheduled for completion in time for these games. Of the eight main expressways approved by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government in 1959, No. 1, No. 4 and a portion of No. 2 and No. 3 were completed for the games. Two subway lines totaling 22 km mi us were also completed in time for the games, and the port of Tokyo facilities were expanded to handle the anticipated traffic.Organizing Committee 1964 47–49 Visual identity thumb|150px|A kappa is considered an unofficial mascot of the 1964 Summer Olympics. As a visual aid for foreign visitors to the Games, this Olympics was the first to use pictograms, created by Masaru Katsumi, to represent each event visually. This became a standard visual component of the modern Olympics ever since.Pictograms https://www.olympic-museum.de/pictograms/olympic-games-pictograms-1964.php Olympic Games Museum 10 August 2021 The mythical kappa, which featured on a pin issued with the Olympic logo, is considered an unofficial mascot of the Games. Pins with a kappa were made annually beginning in 1956 for the Tokyo Sport festival, with the 1964 edition specifically commemorating the Olympics.Tokyo 1964 – Mythological Creature (unofficial mascot) TheOlympicDesign https://www.theolympicdesign.com/olympic-games/mascots/tokyo-1964/ 2024-08-20 Cost The Oxford Olympics Study established the outturn cost of the Tokyo 1964 Summer Olympics at 282 million in 2015-dollars.2804554 The Oxford Olympics Study 2016: Cost and Cost Overrun at the Games Flyvbjerg Bent Stewart Allison Budzier Alexander Saïd Business School Working Papers (Oxford: University of Oxford) 2016 Oxford 9–13 This includes sports-related costs only, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by the host city and country or private investors to build, e.g., the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host the Games. Indirect capital costs are not included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging the Games. The cost for Tokyo 1964 compares with costs of US$4.6 billion for Rio 2016, US$40–44 billion for Beijing 2008 and US$51 billion for Sochi 2014, the most expensive Olympics in history. Average cost for Summer Games since 1960 is US$5.2 billion.October 2022 Legacy The 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo celebrated Japan's progress and reemergence on the world stage. The new Japan was no longer a wartime enemy, but a peaceful country that threatened no one, and this transformation was accomplished in fewer than 20 years.http://aboutjapan.japansociety.org/content.cfm/japans_rebirth_at_the_1964_tokyo_summer Japan's Rebirth at the 1964 Tokyo Summer Olympics Droubie Paul 31 July 2008 aboutjapan.japansociety.org About Japan: A Teacher's Resource 10 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100115040409/http://aboutjapan.japansociety.org/content.cfm/japans_rebirth_at_the_1964_tokyo_summer 15 January 2010 dead To host such a major event, Tokyo's infrastructure needed to be modernized in time for large numbers of expected tourists. Enormous energy and expense was devoted to upgrading the city's physical infrastructure, including new buildings, highways, stadiums, hotels, airports and trains. There was a new satellite to facilitate live international broadcast. Multiple train and subway lines, a large highway building project, and the Tokaido Shinkansen, the fastest train in the world, were completed. Tokyo International Airport and the Port of Tokyo were modernized. International satellite broadcasting was initiated, and Japan was now connected to the world with a new undersea communications cable. The YS-11, a commercial turboprop plane developed in Japan, was used to transport the Olympic Flame within Japan.Organizing Committee 1964 245–269 For swimming, a new timing system started the clock by the sound of the starter gun and stopped it with touchpads. The photo finish using a photograph with lines on it was introduced to determine the results of sprints. All of this demonstrated that Japan was now part of the first world and a technological leader, and at the same time demonstrated how other countries might modernize. In preparation for the games, 200,000 stray cats and dogs were rounded up and killed.Whiting Robert Robert Whiting Negative impact of 1964 Olympics profound https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2014/10/24/olympics/negative-impact-1964-olympics-profound/ 14 8 August 2021 The Japan Times 24 October 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20141028011659/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2014/10/24/olympics/negative-impact-1964-olympics-profound/#.VGNHKY0cR9A 2014-10-28 However, the construction projects resulted in environmental damage, forced relocations for residents, and loss of industry. In addition, corruption by politicians and construction companies resulted in cost overruns and shoddy work. Although public opinion about the Olympics in Japan had initially been split, by the time the games started almost everyone was behind them. The broadcast of the opening ceremony was watched by over 70% of the viewing public, and the women's volleyball team's gold medal match was watched by over 80%. As with many other Olympics, observers later stated that 1964 Olympic preparation and construction projects had had a negative effect on the environment and lower income people. The Cary Grant film Walk, Don't Run was filmed during the Tokyo Olympics, and set in Tokyo during the Olympics. A message at the beginning of the film thanks the Japanese Government and Tokyo Police for putting up with them filming in crowded Tokyo. The Studio Ghibli film From Up on Poppy Hill takes place one year before the Tokyo Olympics and refers to the upcoming games. The official poster can be seen several times in the film. Tokyo attempted to bring the Olympic Games back to the city, having unsuccessfully bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics, which were awarded to Rio de Janeiro. Tokyo was chosen to host the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics games, making it the first Asian city to host the games twice.Japan's Capital Tokyo to host 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/09/japans-capital-tokyo-to-host-2020-olympic-and-paralympic-games/ 8 September 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130910024939/http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/09/japans-capital-tokyo-to-host-2020-olympic-and-paralympic-games/ 10 September 2013 live The worldwide coronavirus pandemic, however, forced the organizers to postpone the games to summer 2021, the first time that the Olympic Games were postponed. The Japan Society Fall 2019 exhibition, Made in Tokyo: Architecture and Living, 1964/2020, is an architectural exhibition that examines the social, cultural, economic, and political impacts of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics on the modernization of the Tokyo landscape (Homes, Offices, Retail Businesses, Athletic Stadiums, Hotels, and Transportation Stations). The exhibition was curated by the Japanese architectural firm Atelier Bow-Wow.https://www.japansociety.org/page/programs/gallery/made-in-tokyo Made in Tokyo: Architecture and Living, 1964/2020 The Japan Society live https://web.archive.org/web/20190915084956/https://www.japansociety.org/page/programs/gallery/made-in-tokyo 15 September 2019 The majority of Japanese castles were smashed and destroyed in the late 19th century in the Meiji restoration by the Japanese people and government in order to modernize and westernize Japan and break from their past feudal era of the Daimyo and Shoguns. It was only due to the 1964 Olympics in Japan that cheap concrete replicas of those castles were built in preparation for tourists.http://www.tengulife.com/2017/05/the-rise-of-concrete-castle.html The Rise of the Concrete Castle May 2, 2017 TenguLife: The curious guide to Japan https://blog.gaijinpot.com/a-race-across-japan-to-see-its-last-original-castles/ A Race Across Japan to See its Last Original Castles Foo Audrey January 17, 2019 GaijinPot https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2296.html Japanese castles History of Castles September 4, 2021 Japan Guide The vast majority of castles in Japan today are new replicas made out of concrete.https://www.lonelyplanet.com/japan/kansai/himeji/attractions/himeji-jo/a/poi-sig/1097570/356690 Himeji-jō Lonely Planet April 6, 2020 Japan's Modern Castles Episode One: Himeji Castle (姫路城) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddVbPRgO_50 Japan's Modern Castles https://pursuitist.com/japanese-concrete-castle/ Japanese Concrete Castle Carter Alex 22 May 2010 In 1959 a concrete keep was built for Nagoya castle.Baseel Casey March 27, 2017 Nagoya Castle's concrete keep to be demolished and replaced with traditional wooden structure https://japantoday.com/category/national/nagoya-castles-concrete-keep-to-be-demolished-and-replaced-with-traditional-wooden-structure RocketNews24 Boycotting countries thumb|upright=1.1|Countries that boycotted the 1964 Summer Olympics (shown in red on map) GANEFO North Korea withdrew its athletes from the 1964 Summer Olympics just before the Games were due to start, as the IOC were refusing to accept any athletes who had participated in the Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO) held in Jakarta, Indonesia, in 1963.https://www.koreaworldtimes.com/topics/news/7822/ ja:東京オリンピックで北朝鮮が金メダルを狙える競技とは？ KoreaWorldTimes 10 September 2020 ja 19 September 2020 China and Indonesia also chose not to attend the Tokyo Games due to GANEFO issues. See also 1964 Summer Olympics Tokyo Olympiad, a documentary film about the 1964 Games. USSR Athletes, a painting by Soviet artist Dmitri Zhilinsky portraying the USSR national artistic gymnastics team preparing for the 1964 Olympics. Notes References Works cited Organizing Committee for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad THE GAMES OF THE XVIII OLYMPIAD TOKYO 1964: The Official Report of the Organizing Committee Organizing Committee for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad 1964 CITEREFOrganizing Committee1964 Volume 1 part 1 retrieved on 10 October 2009 Volume 1 part 2 https://web.archive.org/web/20090206000501/http://la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1964/or1964v1pt2.pdf 6 February 2009 retrieved on 10 October 2009 Volume 2 part 1 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225173351/https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/27246/rec/29 2018-12-25 retrieved on 10 October 2009 Volume 2 part 2 https://web.archive.org/web/20100615232920/http://la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1964/or1964v2pt2.pdf 15 June 2010 retrieved on 10 October 2009 The politics of the Olympic Games, with an epilogue, 1976-1980 Espy Richard University Press Berkeley, USA 1981 https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JEA_Ss_2wK0C registration 978-0-520-04395-4 External links WHt0eAdCCns Tokyo 1964 Olympics Film 1964 Summer Olympics JOC – 東京オリンピック 1964 Japan Olympic Committee official Web site. summer olympic 1964 / gettyimages soly Rome XVIII OlympiadTokyo 1964 Mexico City Olympics Japan Tokyo Sports 1960s Summer Olympics Olympic Games Olympics Games Category:Cold War history of Japan Category:International sports boycotts Summer Olympics Category:Olympic Games in Japan Category:Sports competitions in Tokyo Category:Summer Olympics by year Category:Summer Olympics in Tokyo