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1961 Tour de France
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April 2019
May 2019
1961 Tour de France Route of the 1961 Tour de France.png Route of the 1961 Tour de France followed clockwise, starting in Rouen and finishing in Paris 350px 25 June – 16 July 1961 21, including one split stage 4397 km 122h 01' 33" Jacques Anquetil FRA yellow France Guido Carlesi ITA Italy Charly Gaul LUX Switzerland/Luxembourg France Imerio Massignan ITA Italy André Darrigade FRA green France West/South-West 1960 1962
The 1961 Tour de France was the 48th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 25 June and 16 July, with 21 stages covering a distance of 4397 km 0 on. Out of the 132 riders who started the tour, 72 managed to complete the tour's tough course. Throughout the 1961 Tour de France, two of the French national team's riders, André Darrigade and Jacques Anquetil held the yellow jersey for the entirety 21 stages. There was a great deal of excitement between the second and third places, concluding with Guido Carlesi stealing Charly Gaul's second-place position on the last day by two seconds.
Teams
List of teams and cyclists in the 1961 Tour de France
The teams entering the race were:The history of the Tour de France – Year 1961 – The starters http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1961/partants.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 3 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200403084207/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1961/partants.html deadhttp://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD02/HEM/1961/06/24/MD19610624-008.pdf Los datos funamentales del 48 "Tour" es The fundamental data of the 48th "Tour" Mundo Deportivo 8 24 June 1961 26 April 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170510183516/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD02/HEM/1961/06/24/MD19610624-008.pdf 10 May 2017 live
20em
Italy
France
Belgium
Spain
Netherlands
West Germany
Switzerland/Luxembourg
Great Britain
Paris/North-East
Centre-Midi
West/South-West
Pre-race favourites
thumb|upright|Pre-race favourite Jacques Anquetil (pictured during the Tour)
Since Jacques Anquetil had won the 1957 Tour de France, he was unable to repeat it, due to illness, tiredness and struggle within the French team. For 1961, he asked the team captain Marcel Bidot to make a team that would only ride for him, and Bidot agreed. Anquetil announced before the race that he would take the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification on the first day, and wear it until the end of the race in Paris.McGann McGann 2006 249–253
Gastone Nencini, who won the previous edition, did not enter in 1961, but Graziano Battistini, his teammate and runner-up of 1960, started the race as leader of the Italian team. If the French team would again have internal struggles, the Italian team could emerge as the winner.
The Spanish team had two outsiders, José Pérez Francés and Fernando Manzaneque. The last outsider was Charly Gaul, winner of the 1958 Tour de France, who rode in the mixed Luxembourg/Swiss team. He considered his teammates so weak that he did not seek their help, and rode the race on his own.McGann McGann 2006 249–253 Raymond Poulidor was convinced by his team manager Antonin Magne that it would be better to skip the Tour, because the national team format would undermine his commercial value.Dauncey Hare 2003 112
Route and stages
The 1961 Tour de France started on 25 June in Rouen, and had one rest day, in Montpellier.Augendre 2016 52 For the first time the finish on top of the Superbagnères was included to the race. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2115 m ft on at the summit of the Col du Tourmalet mountain pass on stage 17.Augendre 2016 188De bergen in de Ronde van Frankrijk 1961 The mountains in the Tour de France 1961 https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=KBNRC01:000036291:mpeg21:p012 Algemeen Handelsblad 29 June 1961 12 nl Delpher
+ Stage characteristics and winnershttp://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1947_1977/tdf1961.php Mémoire du cyclisme 48ème Tour de France 1961 fr https://web.archive.org/web/20120806045537/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1947_1977/tdf1961.php 6 August 2012 26 September 2016 deadAugendre 2016 52http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1961 Tour de France GC top ten Arian Zwegers CVCC 5 March 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20080516071832/http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html 16 May 2008 live The history of the Tour de France – Year 1961 – The stage winners http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1961/vainqueurs.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 3 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200403002912/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1961/vainqueurs.html dead Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner 1a25 June Rouen to Versailles 136.5 km on20px|alt=|link= Plain stage André Darrigade FRA 1b Versailles 28.5 km on20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Jacques Anquetil FRA 226 June Pontoise to Roubaix 230.5 km on20px|alt=|link= Plain stage André Darrigade FRA 327 June Roubaix to Charleroi (Belgium) 197.5 km on20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Emile Daems BEL 428 June Charleroi (Belgium) to Metz 237.5 km on20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Anatole Novak FRA 529 June Metz to Strasbourg 221 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Louis Bergaud FRA 630 June Strasbourg to Belfort 180.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Jozef Planckaert BEL 71 July Belfort to Chalon-sur-Saône 214.5 km on20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jean Stablinski FRA 82 July Chalon-sur-Saône to Saint-Étienne 240.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Jean Forestier FRA 93 July Saint-Étienne to Grenoble 230 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Charly Gaul LUX 104 July Grenoble to Turin (Italy) 250.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Guy Ignolin FRA 115 July Turin (Italy) to Antibes 225 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Guido Carlesi ITA 126 July Antibes to Aix-en-Provence 199.0 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Michel Van Aerde BEL 137 July Aix-en-Provence to Montpellier 177.5 km on20px|alt=|link= Plain stage André Darrigade FRA 8 July Montpellier Rest day 149 July Montpellier to Perpignan 174 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Eddy Pauwels BEL 1510 July Perpignan to Toulouse 206 km on20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Guido Carlesi ITA 1611 July Toulouse to Superbagnères 208 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Imerio Massignan ITA 1712 July Luchon to Pau 197 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Eddy Pauwels BEL 1813 July Pau to Bordeaux 207 km on20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Martin Van Geneugden BEL 1914 July Bergerac to Périgueux 74.5 km on20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Jacques Anquetil FRA 2015 July Périgueux to Tours 309.5 km on20px|alt=|link= Plain stage André Darrigade FRA 2116 July Tours to Paris 252.5 km on20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Robert Cazala FRA Total 4397 km 0 onAugendre 2016 109
Race overview
thumb|Emile Daems crossing the finish line in Charleroi, Belgium, to win the third stage
André Darrigade won the opening stage, and it became the fifth time that he won the opening stage.http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1961/histoire.html The Tour - Year 1961 Amaury Sport Organisation Amaury Sport Organisation letour.fr 10 May 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100717060359/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1961/histoire.html 17 July 2010 dead dmy-all Darrigade had been in a small group that broke away, which included Anquetil. Other competitors, such as Gaul and Battistini, already lost more than 5 minutes.McGann McGann 2006 249–253 After that, there was a time trial, won by Jacques Anquetil. Anquetil became the leader of the race, with his teammate Joseph Groussard in second place, almost five minutes behind him.McGann McGann 2006 249–253
The second stage, run in bad weather, featured small roads in Northern France. Several cyclists got into problems, and seven cyclists already had to leave the race; the favourites were not harmed.De geschiedenis van de Tour de France 1903–1984 Wim Amels Sport-Express 1984 nl 88–89 In the sixth stage, West German Horst Oldenburg fell down on the descent of the Col de la Schlucht, and the Dutch team captain Ab Geldermans ran into him. Geldermans was taken to the Belfort hospital by helicopter, and the Dutch team had lost its captain.
Unlike previous years, the French team continued without fights, and won five of the first eight stages.McGann McGann 2006 249–253 The ninth stage included four major climbs. On the second climb, Gaul escaped. He crashed on the descent of the third mountain, but managed to stay away and win the stage; Anquetil was not far behind and kept the lead.McGann McGann 2006 249–253 Anquetil had a five-minutes margin on the second-placed rider, which was Manzaneque. In the eleventh stage, Graziano Battistini was hit by a car, and had to leave the race.
This situation had not changed when the sixteenth stage started. It was expected that Gaul, in third place more than six minutes behind, would attack, but this did not happen,McGann McGann 2006 249–253 because Gaul had been injured in his crash in the previous stage.
The last chance for the opposition to win back time on Anquetil was in the seventeenth stage, but Anquetil stayed close to his direct competitors, and only allowed lower classified riders to escape. The press criticized Anquetil's tactics, saying he was riding passively.http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/timeline/Race%20Snippets/TdF/TdF1961.htm Anquetil Blossoms 2004 Boyce, Barry 31 August 2010 Cyclingrevealed In the nineteenth stage, an individual time trial, Gaul was on his way to win back a little time on Anquetil, when he crashed heavily, and could not find his pace again. Anquetil won almost three minutes on Gaul and extended his lead to more than ten minutes.http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1947_1977/tdf1961_19.php Mémoire du cyclisme 48ème Tour de France 1961 - 19ème étape fr https://web.archive.org/web/20120403111822/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1947_1977/tdf1961_19.php 3 April 2012 26 September 2016 dead
In the final two stages, Anquetil did not get into problems. His main rival Gaul even lost time in the last stage, and conceded his second place to Guido Carlesi.
Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were several classifications in the 1961 Tour de France, two of them awarding jerseys to their leaders.Nauright Parrish 2012 452–455 The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.Nauright Parrish 2012 452–453
Additionally, there was a points classification. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.Nauright Parrish 2012 453–454
There was also a mountains classification. Most stages of the race included one or more categorised climbs, in which points were awarded to the riders that reached the summit first. The climbs were categorised as third-, second- or first-category, with the more difficult climbs rated lower. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, but was not identified with a jersey.Nauright Parrish 2012 454
For the team classification The calculation was different from previous years. Before 1961, the classification was based on time, but in 1961, it was based on points; times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the team with the lowest time on a stage won the team prize for that stage.Nauright Parrish 2012 455 The overall team classification was calculated by counting the number of team prizes.
In addition, there was a combativity award, in which a jury composed of journalists gave points after each stage to the cyclist they considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner.van den Akker 2018 211–216 At the conclusion of the Tour, the entire West/South-West team won the overall super-combativity award, also decided by journalists.Augendre 2016 52 The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Ballon d'Alsace on stage 6. This prize was won by Jef Planckaert.Uitslagen Tour de France Tour de France results https://krantenbankzeeland.nl/issue/pzc/1961-07-01/edition/0/page/6 Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant 1 July 1961 6 nl Krantenbank ZeelandAb Geldermans door val uit de Tour Jos Planckaert etappe-winnaar met ruim 5 min. voorsprong Ab Geldermans due to fall from the Tour Jos Planckaert stage winner with more than 5 minutes lead https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010688596:mpeg21:p007 Friese Koerier 1 July 1961 7 nl Delpher
+Classification leadership by stagevan den Akker Pieter Informatie over de Tour de France van 1961 Information about the Tour de France from 1961 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1961 https://web.archive.org/web/20190302050206/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1961 2 March 2019 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 2 March 2019 live Stage Winner General classification25px|alt=|link= Points classification25px|alt=|link= Mountains classificationmountains-jersey No jersey was awarded to the leader of the mountains classification until a white jersey with red polka dots was introduced in 1975.Nauright Parrish 2012 454 Team classification Combativity award Bad luck award 1a André Darrigade André Darrigade André Darrigade no award France Jacques Anquetil José Pérez Francés 1b Jacques Anquetil Jacques Anquetil Jacques Anquetil 2 André Darrigade André Darrigade Pierre Beuffeuil no award 3 Emile Daems Eddy Pauwels René Vanderveken Jos Hoevenaers 4 Anatole Novak Bernard Viot Dieter Puschel 5 Louis Bergaud Louis Bergaud Stéphane Lach Jos Hoevenaers 6 Jozef Planckaert Eddy Pauwels Jef Planckaert Albertus Geldermans 7 Jean Stablinski Fernando Manzaneque René Vanderveken 8 Jean Forestier Stéphane Lach Joseph Wasko 9 Charly Gaul Charly Gaul Charly Gaul no award 10 Guy Ignolin Imerio Massignan Guy Ignolin Netherlands 11 Guido Carlesi Guido Carlesi Graziano Battistini 12 Michel Van Aerde Édouard Bihouée Valentin Huot 13 André Darrigade Antoine Abate Bernard Viot 14 Eddy Pauwels Joseph Wasko Jan Westdorp 15 Guido Carlesi Seamus Elliott Jean Stablinski 16 Imerio Massignan Ken Laidlaw André Le Dissez 17 Eddy Pauwels Marcel Queheille Friedhelm Fischerkeller 18 Martin Van Geneugden Joseph Wasko Guy Ignolin 19 Jacques Anquetil Jean Gainche Jean Gainche Guido Carlesi 20 André Darrigade André Darrigade Guy Ignolin no award 21 Robert Cazala Marcel Queheille Jean Forestier FinalJacques AnquetilAndré Darrigade Imerio Massignan France West/South-West Graziano Battistini
Final standings
General classification
+ Final general classification (1–10)The history of the Tour de France – Year 1961 – Stage 21 Tours > Paris http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1961/2100/etape.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402221000/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1961/2100/etape.html dead Rank Rider Team Time 1 Jacques Anquetil FRA France 122h 01' 33" 2 Guido Carlesi ITA Italy +12' 14" 3 Charly Gaul LUX Switzerland/Luxembourg +12' 16" 4 Imerio Massignan ITA Italy +15' 59" 5 Hans Junkermann FRG West Germany +16' 09" 6 Fernando Manzaneque ESP 1945 Spain +16' 27" 7 José Pérez Francés ESP 1945 Spain +20' 41" 8 Jean Dotto FRA Centre-Midi +21' 44" 9 Eddy Pauwels BEL Belgium +26' 57" 10 Jan Adriaensens BEL Belgium +28' 05"
Final general classification (11–72) Rank Rider Team Time 11 Jos Hoevenaers BEL Belgium +28' 27" 12 Alfred Rüegg SUI Switzerland/Luxembourg +32' 14" 13 Michel Van Aerde BEL Belgium +40' 34" 14 Jean Gainche FRA West/South-West +41' 26" 15 Jozef Planckaert BEL Belgium +41' 53" 16 Adriano Zamboni ITA Italy +43' 26" 17 Frans Aerenhouts BEL Belgium +45' 52" 18 Henry Anglade FRA France +47' 38" 19 Raymond Mastrotto FRA France +53' 19" 20 André Foucher FRA West/South-West +58' 08" 21 Marcel Queheille FRA West/South-West +58' 42" 22 Claude Mattio FRA Centre-Midi +58' 42 23 Édouard Bihouée FRA West/South-West +1h 05' 05" 24 Joseph Wasko FRA Paris/North-East +1h 06' 28" 25 Joseph Thomin FRA West/South-West +1h 06' 45" 26 Elio Gerussi FRA Paris/North-East +1h 07' 33" 27 Fernand Picot FRA West/South-West +1h 17' 41" 28 Pierre Beuffeuil FRA West/South-West +1h 19' 15" 29 Stéphan Lach FRA Paris/North-East +1h 19' 40" 30 Georges Groussard FRA West/South-West +1h 20' 58" 31 Louis Rostollan FRA France +1h 23' 12" 32 André Darrigade FRA France +1h 24' 51" 33 Aldo Bolzan LUX Switzerland/Luxembourg +1h 26' 05" 34 Jean Milesi FRA Centre-Midi +1h 26' 39" 35 Jean Forestier FRA France +1h 28' 11" 36 Jean-Baptiste Claes BEL Belgium +1h 28' 25" 37 Marcel Ernzer LUX Switzerland/Luxembourg +1h 31' 57" 38 Luis Otaño ESP 1945 Spain +1h 32' 07" 39 Valentin Huot FRA Centre-Midi +1h 34' 50" 40 Robert Cazala FRA France +1h 36' 23" 41 Gérard Thielin FRA Centre-Midi +1h 38' 47" 42 Jean Stablinski FRA France +1h 39' 10" 43 Renzo Accordi ITA Italy +1h 46' 43" 44 Mario Minieri ITA Italy +1h 47' 49" 45 Joseph Groussard FRA France +1h 49' 00" 46 Louis Bergaud FRA Centre-Midi +1h 50' 03" 47 Seamus Elliott IRL Great Britain +1h 51' 05" 48 Manuel Busto FRA Centre-Midi +1h 54' 45" 49 Julio San Emeterio ESP 1945 Spain +1h 54' 55" 50 Roberto Falaschi ITA Italy +2h 00' 22" 51 Piet Damen NED Netherlands +2h 03' 12" 52 Antoine Abate FRA Centre-Midi +2h 04' 06" 53 Brian Robinson GBR Great Britain +2h 04' 23" 54 Dieter Puschel FRG West Germany +2h 07' 57" 55 Juan Campillo ESP 1945 Spain +2h 09' 46" 56 Armando Pellegrini ITA Italy +2h 10' 22" 57 Bernard Viot FRA Paris/North-East +2h 20' 00" 58 Jaap Kersten NED Netherlands +2h 20' 12" 59 Guy Ignolin FRA West/South-West +2h 22' 04" 60 Rolf Graf SUI Switzerland/Luxembourg +2h 24' 13" 61 Martin Van Geneugden BEL Belgium +2h 26' 24" 62 René Marigil ESP 1945 Spain +2h 29' 09" 63 Fritz Gallati SUI Switzerland/Luxembourg +2h 30' 04" 64 Antoon Van der Steen NED Netherlands +2h 31' 35" 65 Ken Laidlaw GBR Great Britain +2h 45' 47" 66 Jan Westdorp NED Netherlands +2h 51' 39" 67 Serge Ruchet SUI Switzerland/Luxembourg +2h 54' 23" 68 Pierre Everaert FRA France +3h 01' 02" 69 Vicente Iturat ESP 1945 Spain +3h 08' 02" 70 Raymond Hoorelbeke FRA Paris/North-East +3h 19' 42" 71 Jean-Claude Lefebvre FRA Paris/North-East +3h 47' 49" 72 André Geneste FRA Paris/North-East +4h 12' 56"
Points classification
+ Final points classification (1–10)van den Akker Pieter Puntenklassementsdingen in de Tour de France 1961 Points classification standings in the Tour de France 1961 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/puntenber.php?jaar=1961 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 25 September 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190925003643/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/puntenber.php?jaar=1961 25 September 2019 live Rank Rider Team Points1 André Darrigade FRA France 1742 Jean Gainche FRA West/South-West 1693 Guido Carlesi ITA Italy 1484 Jacques Anquetil FRA France 1465 Frans Aerenhouts BEL Belgium 1186 Michel Van Aerde BEL Belgium 977 Eddy Pauwels BEL Belgium 958 Imerio Massignan ITA Italy 929 Hans Junkermann FRG West Germany 8210 Jozef Planckaert BEL Belgium 74
Mountains classification
+ Final mountains classification (1–10)Massignan re della montagna Massignan king of the mountain http://dlib.coninet.it/bookreader.php?&f=9032 Corriere dello Sport 24 September 2019 2 it https://web.archive.org/web/20190924233915/http://dlib.coninet.it/bookreader.php?&f=9032 24 September 2019 live Rank Rider Team Points1 Imerio Massignan ITA Italy 952 Charly Gaul LUX Switzerland/Luxembourg 613 Hans Junkermann FRG West Germany 484 Marcel Queheille FRA West/South-West 465 Eddy Pauwels BEL Belgium 296 Manuel Busto FRA Centre-Midi 287 Guy Ignolin FRA West/South-West 267 Jacques Anquetil FRA France 269 Jef Planckaert BEL Belgium 1910 Jean Dotto FRA Centre-Midi 17 André Foucher FRA West/South-West
Team classification
+ Final team classificationvan den Akker Pieter Stand in het ploegenklassement – Etappe 21 Standings in the team classification – Stage 21 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/ploegenstand.php?jaar=1961 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 25 September 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190925001614/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/ploegenstand.php?jaar=1961 25 September 2019 live Rank Team 1sts 2nds 3rds 1 France 10 2 1 2 Belgium 5 5 3 3 Italy 3 4 6 4 West/South-West 3 3 2 5 Centre-Midi 1 4 — 6 Paris/North-East — 2 3 7 Netherlands — 1 2 8 Switzerland/Luxembourg — 1 1 9 Spain — — 2 10 West Germany — — 2 11 Great Britain — — —
Aftermath
As Anquetil had led the race after every stage, there was not much competitiveness, which organiser Jacques Goddet termed a "fiasco".Dauncey Hare 2003 112 After the race, the system with national teams was abandoned, and it was announced that the 1962 Tour de France would be run with sponsored teams.Dauncey Hare 2003 112
Notes
References
30em
Bibliography
Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf Guide historique Historical guide 2016 fr 27 October 2016 PDF Tour de France Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf 17 August 2016 live
Dauncey Hugh Hare Geoff The Tour de France, 1903-2003: A Century of Sporting Structures, Meanings and Values 2003 https://books.google.com/books?id=54pAJY6Ix8YC 31 August 2010 Routledge 0-7146-5362-4
McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1903–1964 1 https://books.google.com/books?id=jxq20JskqMUC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis 2006 978-1-59858-180-5
Nauright John Parrish Charles Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice 2 https://books.google.com/books?id=IkLYDgTnMxEC 2012 ABCCLIO Santa Barbara, California 978-1-59884-300-2
van den Akker Pieter Tour de France Rules and Statistics: 1903–2018 https://books.google.com/books?id=09sxwQEACAAJ 2018 Self-published 978-1-79398-080-9
Further reading
Mapping Le Tour Ellis Bacon HarperCollins Publishers Glasgow 2014 126–127 9780007543991 872700415
External links
1961 Tour de France 1a 10 11 21
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Category:1961 in road cycling
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Category:1961 Super Prestige Pernod