2000 Enggano earthquake

Earthquake affecting Indonesia 2000 Enggano earthquake 2000-06-04 16:28:26 usp0009txv 1736014 2000 Sumatra earthquake - ShakeMap for the event.jpg USGS ShakeMap for the event Indonesia Sumatra June 4, 2000 23:28:26 WIB (UTC+7) 40 seconds 7.9 w y 35 km mi 0 on -4.61 102.06 region:ID_type:event inline,title Strike-slip (first subevent)Megathrust (second subevent) Bengkulu, Indonesia Severe 8 Sunda megathrust w 5.0 on 3 JuneM 5.0 - 59 km SSW of Bengkulu, Indonesia 2000 usp0009twf 346 w 4.0+ (as of 31/12/2000)Search Results USGS https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/?extent=-6.8828,99.58557&extent=-3.16246,106.26526&range=search&sort=largest&baseLayer=terrain&timeZone=utc&search=%7B%22name%22:%22Search%20Results%22,%22params%22:%7B%22endtime%22:%222000-12-31T16:28:26.170Z%22,%22latitude%22:-4.721,%22longitude%22:102.087,%22maxradiuskm%22:175,%22minmagnitude%22:4,%22starttime%22:%222000-06-04T16:28:27.170Z%22%7D%7D 2 January 2025Strongest: w 7.6 y 103–141 fatalities2,185–2,585 injuries On 4 June 2000, at 23:28 WIB, southern Sumatra in Indonesia was struck by an earthquake of w y 7.9 with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). The event occurred off the coast near Enggano Island. There were more than 100 fatalities and up to 2,585 injuries. Over 340 aftershocks shook the area throughout the rest of 2000, one just eleven minutes after the mainshock. This was the first and southernmost in a series of very large to great Sumatran earthquakes in the 2000s to rupture almost the entire western part of the Sunda megathrust, most notably including the 2004 Indian Ocean, 2005 Nias–Simeulue and 2007 Bengkulu earthquakes. Background and tectonics Indonesia is well known for strong earthquakes: the 2000 Enggano event marked the beginning of an ongoing period of seismic activity in the area, highlighted by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. The 2000 Enggano earthquake took place at the southeastern end of the fault segment that ruptured during the 1833 Sumatra earthquake. This group of earthquakes, in addition to the 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake, all ruptured along the megathrust that forms the interface between the Australian and Sunda plates.http://tecto.caltech.edu/sumatra/downloads/papers/Snu.pdf The Sunda megathrust: past, present and future Sieh K. 2009-11-04 This event was the only one not to cause a damaging tsunami. Earthquake The earthquake involved the rupture of two different faults with different mechanisms. The first subevent ruptured a north–south striking fault within the Australian plate with a left lateral strike-slip mechanism. The earthquake rupture propagated northwards until it reached the megathrust, triggering the second subevent along the Sunda megathrust itself. The strike-slip rupture probably represents slip on a pre-existing fracture zone, similar to the likely cause of the M 7.9 earthquake that struck about 1,000 km to the south on 18 June 2000 with a similar mechanism. According to a finite fault model released by the USGS, the earthquake rupture extended over 190 km mi by 35 km mi from northwestern Seluma Regency to southwest of Enggano Island. The zone of the largest slip occurred south-southwest of the hypocenter, where up to 6.154 m ft of slip was produced. Another zone of slip occurred north-northeast of the hypocenter, producing 5.223 m ft of slip. The entire rupture process took nearly 40 seconds with the greatest phase of seismic moment release occurring nearly 25 seconds after initiation. By 31 December 2000, there were 346 aftershocks exceeding w 4.0 that extended about 190 km mi along a northwest–southeast trend, with some occurring directly beneath Enggano Island. The largest of these measured w 7.6 and struck north-northeast of the mainshock on 4 June.M 6.7 - 95 km S of Bengkulu, Indonesia 2000 usp0009txx Damage and casualties According to the USGS' PAGER-CAT catalog, the earthquake killed 103 people and injured up to 2,585 others, however the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies reported 141 deaths.Indonesia - Enggano Island shaken to its core IFRC https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-enggano-island-shaken-its-core ReliefWeb 9 June 2000 2 January 2025 At least 85 people were killed, 2,185 were injured, 354 houses were destroyed and 669 others were damaged in mainland Bengkulu, with 43 deaths in North Bengkulu, 39 in South Bengkulu Regency and three in Central Bengkulu. The city's main hospital partially collapsed, with only multiple exterior walls remaining. Roads connecting to the city were also severely damaged, and power outages were widespread, with 80% of the affected areas still without power by 9 June. Although there were only reports of minor injuries, ninety percent of houses were destroyed on Enggano Island;Indonesia – Earthquake OCHA Situation Report No. 4 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-earthquake-ocha-situation-report-no-4 9 June 2000 14 May 2023 OCHA ReliefWeb All concrete structures collapsed and most wooden structures were severely damaged there.Indonesia - after the earthquake IFRC https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-after-earthquake ReliefWeb 30 June 2000 2 January 2025 In the village worst struck, several hundred structures were reported in ruins.https://www.theguardian.com/science/2000/jul/06/weather.environment Just an everyday disaster Tim Radford The Guardian July 6, 2000 June 4, 2009 Aftermath and response International relief teams arrived in the region within several days.UNDAC Team Mission Report Bengkulu Earthquake, Sumatra, Indonesia 6–16 Jun 2000 http://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/undac-team-mission-report-bengkulu-earthquake-sumatra-indonesia-6-16-jun-2000 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2000 ReliefWeb Relief efforts were impeded by fallen telephone poles, which blocked the supplies.http://www.rte.ie/news/2000/0605/quake.html Indonesia appeals for help following Sumatran earthquake RTÉ News June 5, 2000 The main problem found in the affected areas was a lack of water supply and electricity, these facilities having been cut off by oscillation. Pope John Paul II expressed his "sincere sympathy" for those families stricken by the earthquake.Pope Comforts Indonesian Quake Victims Catholic World News 2000-06-06 He called for a rapid international response to the quake, and said he would keep its victims in his prayers. A Taiwanese rescue team was sent to help victims of the tremor, the first country to take part in rescue efforts from Asia. The United States donated US$ 25,000 instantly to relief organizations, Japan offering a grant of US$140,000 and Australia US$143,000 in addition to a two-person team of emergency relief examiners.http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/local/archives/2000/06/08/39186 Rescue team on the way Taipei Times Catherine Sung June 8, 2000 June 4, 2009 Students from the University of Bengkulu traveled in Red Cross teams consisting of seven people, pulling victims out of the rubble and taking them to first aid posts staffed by their colleagues, while politician Mar'ie Muhammad spent three days in Bengkulu, visiting affected areas and organizing the continuation of the relief operation with local authorities. Volunteers helped donate 1,000 of a total of 15,000 family kits containing cooking utensils, sarongs, sleeping mats, plastic sheeting and hygienic items. Over 400 of the kits were loaded onto a boat and 40 volunteers and the International Federation relief delegate traveled to Enggano Island to carry out the first distribution. Wharton Basin event 2000 Wharton Basin earthquake 2000-06-18 14:44:13 choy20000618144413 1736624 Indian Ocean June 18, 2000 21:14:13 CIT (UTC+6:30) 21:44:13 WIB (UTC+7) 7.9 w y 10 km on -13.802 97.453 Intraplate Cocos (Keeling) Islands IIM 7.9 – South Indian Ocean https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/choy20000618144413/executive United States Geological Survey 30 cm ft on 17 (As of 27/06/2000)USGS earthquake catalog United States Geological Survey https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/?extent=-19.37334,93.93311&extent=-8.10274,100.96436&range=search&listOnlyShown=true&baseLayer=terrain&timeZone=utc&map=false&search=%7B%22name%22:%22Search%20Results%22,%22params%22:%7B%22endtime%22:%222000-07-09T14:44:13.310Z%22,%22latitude%22:-13.802,%22longitude%22:97.453,%22maxradiuskm%22:250,%22minmagnitude%22:4,%22starttime%22:%222000-05-28T14:44:13.310Z%22%7D%7D None Two weeks later on June 18, another w 7.9 event occurred about 1000 km us to the southwest in the Wharton Basin. At the time, it was the largest intraplate earthquake in the Indian Ocean until the 2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes.The June 2000 Mw 7.9 earthquakes south of Sumatra: Deformation in the India–Australia Plate R. E. Abercrombie M. Antolik G. Ekström 2003 Journal of Geophysical Research 108 ESE 6–1 B1 10.1029/2001JB000674 2003JGRB..108.2018A free The earthquake knocked items from shelves and triggered a 30 cm ft tsunami at the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, near the epicenter. See also Earth sciences Indonesia List of earthquakes in 2000 List of earthquakes in Indonesia References ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009) http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php ISC 2014 International Seismological Centre Version 1.05 cs1 PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog https://earthquake.usgs.gov/static/lfs/data/pager/catalogs/ September 4, 2009 United States Geological Survey Version 2008_06.1 cs1 M 7.9 - 103 km S of Bengkulu, Indonesia https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0009txv#general_summary United States Geological Survey Further reading The June 2000 Enggano earthquake, South Sumatra, and the role of the Mentawai Fault Egs – AGU – Eug Joint Assembly 9923 J. Milsom R. E. Abercrombie 2003 EUG Joint Assembly, Abstracts from the meeting held in Nice, France, 6–11 April 2003 2003EAEJA.....9923M External links M7.9 Enggano Island-Bengkuku Earthquake, 2000 – Amateur Seismic Centre 1736014 eq-2000-0293-idn Enggano earthquake Category:Earthquakes in Sumatra Enggano earthquake Category:Bengkulu Category:Landslides in Indonesia Category:2000 disasters in Indonesia