1969 Sulawesi earthquake

Earthquake off the coast of Indonesia 1969 Sulawesi earthquake Indonesia_Sulawesi#Indonesia 1969-02-23 00:36:58 812497 iscgem812497 1969 02 23 08:56 7.1 w y 15.0 km mi 0 on -3.201 118.904 region:XX_type:event inline,title Majene Thrust Thrust 8 yes 664 The western coast of West Sulawesi was struck by a major earthquake on 23 February 1969 at 00:36 UTC. It had a magnitude of 7.1 w yes and a maximum felt intensity of VIII on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. Sulawesi 1969 iscgem812497 M 7.1 - 41 km NNW of Majene, Indonesia 16 January 2020 cs1 It triggered a major tsunami that caused significant damage along the coast of the Makassar Strait. At least 64 people were killed, with possibly a further 600 deaths caused by the tsunami.National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Significant Earthquake Information 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/4476 16 January 2020 10.7289/V5TD9V7K Tectonic setting Sulawesi lies within the complex zone of interaction between the Australian, Pacific, Philippine and Sunda plates in which many small microplates are developed. The main active structure onshore in the western part of Central Sulawesi is the left-lateral NNW-SSE Palu-Koro strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between the North Sula and Makassar blocks and was responsible for the destructive Palu earthquake in 2018.Socquet A. Simons W. Vigny C. McCaffrey R. Subarya C. Sarsito D. Ambrosius B. Spakman W. 2006 Microblock rotations and fault coupling in SE Asia triple junction (Sulawesi, Indonesia) from GPS and earthquake slip vector data Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 111 B8 B08409 10.1029/2005JB003963 2006JGRB..111.8409S http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c89f9e7d-ea2d-4ce6-b74c-1faabad284c2 free Sulawesi 2018 us1000h3p4 M 7.5 – 70 km N of Palu, Indonesia 28 September 2018 cs1 According to the interpretation of GPS data, the Makassar block is currently rotating anticlockwise, with its northwestern margin showing convergence with the Sunda block across the Makassar Strait. The main structure in that part of Sulawesi is the offshore, north–south trending, moderately east-dipping Makassar Thrust, also known as the Majene Thrust.Bellier O. Sébrier M. Seward D. Beaudoin T. Villeneuve M. Putranto E. 2006 Fission track and fault kinematics analyses for new insight into the Late Cenozoic tectonic regime changes in West-Central Sulawesi (Indonesia) Tectonophysics 413 3–4 201–220 10.1016/j.tecto.2005.10.036 2006Tectp.413..201B The GPS data also support the presence of a seismically "locked" fault in the Makassar Strait. Seismic reflection data from the Makassar Strait support the presence of active thrusting west of the Makassar block. The Majene/Kalosi fold and thrust belt is exposed onshore between Majene and Mamuju. The northern part of the Makassar Strait is interpreted as a foreland basin, with its subsidence caused by the loading of this active thrust belt.Bergman S.C. Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia Coffield D.Q. Talbot J.P. Garrard R.A. 1996 978-1-897799-52-9 Blundell D.J. Geological Society, Special Publications 106 391–429 Tertiary Tectonic and magmatic evolution of western Sulawesi and the Makassar Strait, Indonesia: evidence for a Miocene continent-continent collision 10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.106.01.25 140682113 Hall R. Earthquake The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.4 s yes, later recalculated to be 7.1 w. It was caused by movement on the Majene Thrust, which was also responsible for the 2021 West Sulawesi earthquake 52 years later.BMKG: Gempa Majene Merusak https://mediaindonesia.com/humaniora/377217/bmkg-gempa-majene-merusak Media Indonesia id 15 January 2021 Modelling of the earthquake by Pranantyo and others suggested rupture occurred across a rectangular fault plane measuring 40 km by 20 km. A maximum coseismic slip of 1.5 meters was estimated. The maximum Modified Mercalli intensity was VIII (Severe), causing serious damage at the coast.I.R. Pranantyo A. Cipta H.A. Shiddiqi M. Heidarzadeh Source reconstruction of the 1969 Majene, Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami: A preliminary study IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021 873 1 012054 10.1088/1755-1315/873/1/012054 2021E&ES..873a2054P 240430042 free Tsunami The earthquake triggered a significant tsunami, with a maximum run-up of 4 meters at Peletoang and 1.5 meters at both Parosanga and Palipi. The same modelling by Pranantyo and others could not replicate the 4-meter tsunami run-up along Peletoang. Simulations of various scenarios for the earthquake and tsunami only generated a maximum tsunami height of 2.25 meters. It is possible that a submarine landslide triggered the large tsunami. Damage The city of Majene was particularly badly affected, with the foundations of four out of five of tile brick buildings suffering serious effects. Wooden buildings escaped with only minor effects, but unreinforced masonry walls were badly damaged. A number of bridges were damaged beyond repair. The tsunami caused local flooding, damaging banana plantations along the coast. Many wooden buildings were washed away by the waves. At Majene's harbour, the pier was seriously affected due to the effects of subsidence. Witnesses mention a "roaring sound" just before the tsunami.National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. 1972 Tsunami Event Information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/2011 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 16 January 2020 At least 64 deaths were reported, with one news story also mentioning another 600 deaths due to the tsunami. A further 97 injuries were also reported. See also List of earthquakes in 1969 List of earthquakes in Indonesia 2021 West Sulawesi earthquake References Sulawesi Category:Earthquakes in Indonesia Category:Tsunamis in Indonesia Category:1969 in Indonesia Category:Landslides in Indonesia Category:West Sulawesi