1748

Calendar year March 2011 1748 January 2016 1748 thumb|300px|October 12: The Battle of Havana is fought in the Caribbean between Britain's Royal Navy and the Spanish Fleet.(1770 painting by Richard Paton) 1748 Events January–March January 12 – Ahmad Shah Durrani captures Lahore.Ahmad Shah Abdali's invasions http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/abdali.html 2011-11-02 https://web.archive.org/web/20111106225410/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/abdali.html November 6, 2011 dead January 27 – A fire at the prison and barracks at Kinsale, in Ireland, kills 54 of the prisoners of war housed there. An estimated 500 prisoners are safely conducted to another prison."Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p51 February 7 – The San Gabriel mission project begins with the founding of the first Roman Catholic missions further northward in the Viceroyalty of New Spain, in what is now central Texas. On orders of the Viceroy, Juan Francisco de Güemes, Friar Mariano Marti establish the San Francisco Xavier mission at a location on the San Gabriel River in what is now Milam County.Elizabeth A. H. John, Storms Brewed in Other Men's Worlds: The Confrontation of Indians, Spanish, and French in the Southwest, 1540-1795 (University of Oklahoma Press, 1996) pp282-283 The mission, located northeast of the future site of Austin, Texas, is attacked by 60 Apache Indians on May 2, and San Xavier is abandoned after a few years. March 11 – In battle near Manupur (15 km mi northwest of Sirhind), Mughal forces under Prince Ahmad Shah Bahadur are victorious against Ahmad Shah Durrani. March 25 – A fire in the City of London starts at Change Alley in Cornhill and continues for two days. Dr. Samuel Johnson later writes, "The conflagration of a city, with all its turmoil and concominant distress, is one of the most dreadful spectacles which this world can afford to human eyes". Another history notes more than a century later that "the fire led to a great increase in the practice of fire insurance", after the blaze causes more than £1,000,000 worth of damage. April–June April 15 – The Siege of the Dutch fortress of Maastricht is started by the French under the command of Maurice de Saxe as part of the War of the Austrian Succession. The fortress falls on May 7 after a little more than three weeks. April 24 – A congress assembles at Aix-la-Chapelle (now Aachen), with the intent to conclude the War of the Austrian Succession. The treaty is signed on October 18. May 10 – As word arrives that the Dutch Republic has agreed to return control of Maastricht to France, the French Army's leader of the siege, Count Löwendal, marches through the opened city gates with his troops and accepts its surrender.Francis Henry Skrine, Fontenoy and Great Britain's Share in the War of the Austrian Succession, 1741-1748 (W. Blackwood and Sons, 1906) pp346-347 June 1 A fire in Moscow kills 482 people and destroys 5,000 buildings. José de Escandón is designated by the Viceroy of New Spain as the first Royal Governor of Nuevo Santander. The area covered by the Viceroyalty's new province is now part of the Mexican state of Tamaulipas, and the part of the U.S. state of Texas south of the Guadalupe River (including San Antonio and Corpus Christi). July–September July 29 – Royal Navy Admiral Edward Boscawen arrives at the coast of southeastern India with 28 ships, to defend Fort St. David from attacks by armies of French India. Historian Francis Grose later writes that Boscawen had brought the largest fleet "ever seen together in the East Indies", with nine ships of the line, two frigates, a sloop, and two tenders" Charles Rathbone Low, History of the Indian Navy: (1613-1863) (Richard Bentley and Son, 1877) p140 and 14 ships of the British East India Company. Altogether, Boscawen has 3,580 sailors under his command. He then launches an offensive to destroy the French fort at Pondicherry and drive France from the subcontinent. August 26 – The first Lutheran Church body in America is founded at a conference in Philadelphia, organized by German-born evangelist Henry Muhlenberg and attended by pastors of orthodox and pious Lutheran communities.Henry Eyster Jacobs, A History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States (The Christian Literature Co., 1893 p243 The two groups agree to create a common liturgy to govern public worship. August – The Camberwell beauty butterfly is named after specimens found at Camberwell in London. September 24 – Shah Rukh becomes ruler of Greater Khorasan. October–December October 12 – War of Jenkins' Ear – Battle of Havana: a British Caribbean squadron engages a Spanish squadron based near Havana.Thomas p 263 October 18 – War of the Austrian Succession: The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed to end the war. Great Britain obtains Madras, in India, from France, in exchange for the fortress of Louisbourg in Canada. November 22 – The Electorate of Hanover (now occupied by most of the northwestern German state of Niedersachsen or Lower Saxony) issues a decree banishing all adherents of the Moravian Church.Paul Peucker, A Time of Sifting: Mystical Marriage and the Crisis of Moravian Piety in the Eighteenth Century (Penn State Press, 2015) December 4 – Austria and Spain sign a second treaty to settle the War of the Austrian Succession, and Austria agrees to remove its troops from Modena and Genoa. Date unknown Leonhard Euler publishes Introductio in analysin infinitorum, an introduction to pure analytical mathematics, in Berlin. Montesquieu publishes De l'esprit des lois. Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock publishes the first three cantos of his epic poem Der Messias in hexameters (anonymously), in Bremer Beiträge (Leipzig). Adam Smith begins to deliver public lectures in Edinburgh. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences makes Eva Ekeblad its first female member. Construction of the Sveaborg fortification begins near Helsinki. The ruins of Pompeii are rediscovered.Archaeologists Investigate Ancient Roman Life Preserved at Pompeii https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/pompeii https://web.archive.org/web/20210301162502/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/pompeii dead March 1, 2021 History 3 August 2022 en 21 October 2010 Louis XV breaks his promise to eliminate the income tax, after the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the war. The Parlement of Paris protests, so he reduces the tax to 5%. Income Taxation in France H. Parker Willis Journal of Political Economy 4 1 December 1895 37–53 The University of Chicago Press http://www.austinlibrary.com:2138/stable/1817921 The war of the Austrian Succession for the third time threw the treasury back upon the hated fiscal resource in October of 1741, when the income tax was reintroduced accompanied by a royal promise to the effect that upon the close of the war this means of raising revenue should once for all be done away with. 10.1086/250324 154527133 subscription Births January 19 – Antonio Carnicero, Spanish painter (d. 1814) February 2 – Adam Weishaupt, German founder of the Order of the Illuminati (d. 1811) thumb|right|110px|Jeremy Bentham February 15 – Jeremy Bentham, English philosopher (d. 1832)Anom Historical Dictionary of the British Empire https://books.google.com/books?id=L-X-XYB_ZkIC&pg=PA129 1996 Greenwood Publishing Group 978-0-313-29366-5 129 February 22 – Timothy Dexter, American businessman (d. 1806) February 27 – Anders Sparrman, Swedish naturalist (d. 1820) March 5 William Shield, English violinist, composer (d. 1829) Jonas C. Dryander, Swedish botanist (d. 1810) March 8 – William V, Prince of Orange (d. 1806) March 10 – John Playfair, Scottish scientist (d. 1819) April 12 – Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist (d. 1836) April 13 – Joseph Bramah, English inventor, locksmith (d. 1814) April 27 Pierre-Louis Ginguené, French author (d. 1816)Hugh Chisholm James Louis Garvin The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature & General Information https://books.google.com/books?id=nuezwLN7O0QC 1926 Encyclopædia Britannica 28 Adamantios Korais, Greek scholar (d. 1833) May 3 – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, French cleric, constitutional theorist (d. 1836) May 7 – Olympe de Gouges, French playwright (d. 1793)Lorrayne Y. Baird-Lange Thomas A. Copeland Women in History, Literature, and the Arts: A Festschrift for Hildegard Schnuttgen in Honor of Her Thirty Years of Outstanding Service at Youngstown State University https://books.google.com/books?id=gA0pAAAAYAAJ 1989 The University 978-0-9623146-1-2 22 May 10 – Louis Pierre Vieillot, French ornithologist (d. 1830) May 28 – Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle (d. 1825) June 30 – Jacques Dominique, comte de Cassini, French astronomer (d. 1845) August 8 – Johann Friedrich Gmelin, German naturalist (d. 1804) thumb|right|110px|Jacques-Louis David August 9 – Bernhard Schott, German music publisher (d. 1809)23 486 487 Schott, Peter Bernhard Brück, Marion 118610546 August 30 – Jacques-Louis David, French painter (d. 1825)Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco Pierre Rosenberg French Paintings 1500-1825, the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco https://books.google.com/books?id=U3_qAAAAMAAJ 1987 The Museum 978-0-88401-055-5 143 October 7 – King Charles XIII of Sweden (Charles II of Norway) (d. 1818) October 13 – Johann Dominicus Fiorillo, German painter, art historian (d. 1821) November 11 – King Charles IV of Spain (d. 1819)The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Micropaedia https://books.google.com/books?id=iI1WAAAAMAAJ 1995 Encyclopaedia Britannica 978-0-85229-605-9 117 November 13 – William Chalmers, Swedish merchant (d. 1811) December 9 – Claude Louis Berthollet, French chemist (d. 1822) December 14 – William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire (d. 1811) Date unknown Gioacchino Navarro, Maltese priest and poet (d. 1813) James Sayers, English caricaturist (d. 1823) Timur Shah Durrani, Afghan king (d. 1793) Thomas Holloway, English portrait painter, engraver (d. 1827 Stylianos Vlasopoulos, Greek judge, writer (d. 1822) Deaths thumb|right|110px|William Kent January 1 – Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1667) January 16 – Arnold Drakenborch, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1684) February 18 – Otto Ferdinand von Abensberg und Traun, Austrian field marshal (b. 1677) March 7 – Élisabeth Thérèse de Lorraine, French noblewoman, Princess of Epinoy by marriage (b. 1664) March 14 – George Wade, British military leader (b. 1673) March 23 – Johann Gottfried Walther, German music theorist, organist and composer (b. 1684) April 8 – Empress Xiaoxianchun of Qing dynasty (b. 1712) April 12 – William Kent, English architect (b. c. 1685) April 16 – Muhammad Shah, Mughal emperor of India (b. 1702) May 12 – Thomas Lowndes, British astronomer (b. 1692) May 17 – Henri, Duke of Elbeuf, member of the House of Lorraine (b. 1661) June 16 – Jean Philippe d'Orléans, illegitimate son of future French regent Philippe d'Orleans (b. 1702) June 28 – Marretje Arents, Dutch rebel leader (b. 1712) August 27 – James Thomson, Scottish poet (b. 1700)Trevor Royle Macmillan Companion to Scottish Literature https://books.google.com/books?id=SDJdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA300 11 November 1984 Macmillan International Higher Education 978-1-349-07587-4 300 September 6 – Edmund Gibson, English jurist (b. 1669) September 10 – Mother Ignacia del Espíritu Santo, Filipino founder of the Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary (b. 1663) September 12 – Anne Bracegirdle, English actress (b. c. 1671) September 21 – John Balguy, English philosopher (b. 1686)Richard Hurd The Early Letters of Bishop Richard Hurd, 1739-1762 https://books.google.com/books?id=zTNQLZxFIKgC&pg=PR20 1995 Boydell & Brewer 978-0-85115-653-8 20 November 25 – Isaac Watts, English hymn writer (b. 1674)Isaac Watts The Beauties of the Late Revd. Dr. Isaac Watts; ... To which is Added the Life of the Author https://books.google.com/books?id=2vCS6CIbOpEC&pg=PR12 1782 G. Kearsley 12 December 2 – Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, English politician (b. 1662) References Further reading Blair's Chronological Tables John Blair John Blair (priest) J. Willoughby Rosse London H.G. Bohn 1856 HathiTrust http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n?urlappend=%3Bseq=669 1748 2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n?urlappend=%3Bseq=669 External links Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar