2011 census of India

15th Indian census August 2020 September 2016 15th census of India Our Census, Our Future The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, Dr. C. Chandramouli and Additional Registrar General, India, Shri RC Sethi presenting the Report of Census-2011 to the President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil.jpg President of India Pratibha Patil receiving the 2011 census report from the Census Commissioner C. Chandramouli India 9 to 28 February 2011 1,261,224,952 17.7%31 May 2011 Decadal Growth censusindia.gov.in https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43333 3 June 2023 Census India 3 June 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230603061029/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43333 live state Uttar Pradesh (199,812,341) Sikkim (610,577) Densest state Bihar (1102 per km²) Least dense state Arunachal Pradesh (17 per km²) 2001 census of India 2001 2027 census of India 2027 RGCCI censusindia.gov.in thumb|Postage stamp dedicated to the 2011 census of India The 2011 census of India or the 15th Indian census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information for National Population Register (NPR) was also collected in the first phase, which will be used to issue a 12-digit unique identification number to all registered Indian residents by Unique Identification Authority of India. The second population enumeration phase was conducted between 9 and 28 February 2011. Census has been conducted in India since 1872 and 2011 marks the first time biometric information was collected. According to the provisional reports released on 31 March 2011, the Indian population increased to 1.21 billion with a decadal growth of 17.70%.https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indias-population-at-5pm-today-1274239769/articleshow/48033866.cms India's population at 5pm today – 127,42,39,769 The Times of India 11 July 2015 Press Trust of India 16 August 2019 12 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181212014210/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indias-population-at-5pm-today-1274239769/articleshow/48033866.cms live Adult literacy rate increased to 74.04% with a decadal growth of 9.21%. The motto of the census was Our Census, Our Future. Spread across 28 statespreTG Prior to the creation of Telangana. and 8 union territories, the census covered 640 districts, 5,924 sub-districts, 7,935 towns and more than 600,000 villages. A total of 2.7 million officials visited households in 7,935 towns and 600,000 villages, classifying the population according to gender, religion, education and occupation. http://pib.nic.in/newsite/efeatures.aspx?relid=74556 Census of India 2011 – A Story of Innovations C Chandramouli Press Information Bureau, Government of India 23 August 2011 23 August 2011 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051048/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/efeatures.aspx?relid=74556%20 live The cost of the exercise was approximately 2200 chttps://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/et-commentary/do-we-really-need-the-census/ Do we really need the census? 26 August 2017 The Economic Times 16 August 2019 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051041/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/et-commentary/do-we-really-need-the-census/ live – this comes to less than 0.50 per person, well below the estimated world average of 4.60 per person. Information on castes was included in the census following demands from several ruling coalition leaders including Lalu Prasad Yadav, and Mulayam Singh Yadav supported by opposition parties Bharatiya Janata Party, Shiromani Akali Dal, Shiv Sena and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Demand-for-caste-census-rocks-Lok-Sabha/articleshow/5887995.cms Demand for caste census rocks Lok Sabha 4 May 2010 The Times of India 16 August 2019 15 April 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190415232219/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Demand-for-caste-census-rocks-Lok-Sabha/articleshow/5887995.cms live Information on caste was last collected during the British Raj in 1931. During the early census, people often exaggerated their caste status to garner social status and it is expected that people downgrade it now in the expectation of gaining government benefits.http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article7122236.ece India to conduct first record of nation's caste system since days of the Raj The Times Rhys Blakely 10 May 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100528201456/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article7122236.ece 28 May 2010 Earlier, there was speculation that there would be a caste-based census conducted in 2011, the first time in 80 years (last was in 1931), to find the exact population of the "Other Backward Classes" (OBCs) in India.http://www.indianexpress.com/news/obc-data-not-in-2011-census-says-moily/555760/ OBC data not in 2011 Census, says Moily The Indian Express 18 December 2009 Suman K Jha 24 July 2016 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051101/http://archive.indianexpress.com/static/sorry/ live https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/No-data-since-1931-will-2011-Census-be-all-caste-inclusive/articleshow/5669801.cms https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233810/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-11/india/28125455_1_caste-wise-census-caste-wise-obc-census live 2 December 2013 The Times of India TNN No data since 1931, will 2011 Census be all-caste inclusive? 11 March 2010http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-05-28/news/27587821_1_caste-census-caste-system-affirmative-action The Economic Times Caste in Census 2011: Is it necessary? 28 May 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232549/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-05-28/news/27587821_1_caste-census-caste-system-affirmative-action 2 December 2013 Rajindar Sacharhttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/OBCs-form-41-of-population-Survey/articleshow/2328117.cms https://web.archive.org/web/20130823152201/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-09-01/india/27954417_1_obc-population-nsso-survey-scs-and-sts live 23 August 2013 The Times of India OBCs form 41% of population: Survey 1 September 2007 This was later accepted and the Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 was conducted whose first findings were revealed on 3 July 2015 by Central Finance Minister Arun Jaitley.https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/govt-releases-socio-economic-and-caste-census-for-better-policy-making/story-Ajf4fLjhq9ghHZDDVxYOMP.html Govt releases socio-economic and caste census for better policy-making 3 July 2015 Hindustan Times Press Trust of India Mandal Commission report of 1980 quoted OBC population at 52%, though National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) survey of 2006 quoted OBC population at 41%.https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/OBc-count-52-or-41/articleshow/263918.cms https://web.archive.org/web/20131203020047/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-11-01/india/27792478_1_obc-count-obc-numbers-nsso live 3 December 2013 The Times of India OBc count: 52 or 41%? 1 November 2006 There is only one other instance of a caste count in post-independence India. It was conducted in Kerala in 1968 by the Government of Kerala under E. M. S. Namboodiripad to assess the social and economic backwardness of various lower castes. The census was termed Socio-Economic Survey of 1968 and the results were published in the Gazetteer of Kerala, 1971.G.O.K dew1971: Appendix XVIII History C. Chandramouli IAS was the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India for the 2011 Indian census. Census data was collected in 16 languages and the training manual was prepared in 18 languages. In 2011, India and Bangladesh also conducted their first-ever joint census of areas along their border.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-14149042 Joint Bangladesh and India census Ethirajan Anbarasan 14 July 2011 BBC News 22 June 2018 23 October 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201023121617/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-14149042 live https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/census-in-indian-and-bangladesh-enclaves-ends/article2260223.ece Census in Indian and Bangladesh enclaves ends Raktima Bose 19 July 2011 The Hindu 16 August 2019 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051019/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/census-in-indian-and-bangladesh-enclaves-ends/article2260223.ece live The census was conducted in two phases. The first, the house-listing phase, began on 1 April 2010 and involved collection of data about all the buildings and census houses.http://www.thehindu.com/news/article387955.ece House listing operations for Census 2011 progressing well The Hindu 4 April 2010 16 April 2011 Chennai, India Vinay Kumar 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051117/https://www.thehindu.com/news/House-listing-operations-for-Census-2011-progressing-well/article16364029.ece dead Information for the National Population Register was also collected in the first phase. The second, the population enumeration phase, was conducted from 9 – 28 February 2011 all over the country. The eradication of epidemics, the availability of more effective medicines for the treatment of various types of diseases and the improvement in the standard of living were the main reasons for the high decadal growth of population in India.February 2024 Information House-listings The House-listing schedule contained 35 questions.http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Schedule/Shedules/Houselist%20English.pdf Census of India 2011; Houselisting and Housing Census Schedule 22 January 2011 Government of India 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051121/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Schedule/Shedules/Houselist%20English.pdf%20 live Building number / Census house number Predominant material of floor, wall and roof of the census house Ascertain use of actual house Condition of the census house Household number Total number of persons in the household Name of the head of the household Sex of the head Caste status (SC or ST or others) Ownership status of the house Number of dwelling rooms Number of married couples in the household Main source of drinking water Availability of drinking water source Main source of lighting Latrine within the premises Type of latrine facility Waste water outlet connection Bathing facility within the premises Availability of kitchen Fuel used for cooking Radio/Transistor Television Computer/Laptop Telephone/Mobile phone Bicycle Scooter/Motor cycle/Moped Car/Jeep/Van Availing Banking services Population enumeration The Population enumeration schedule contained 30 questions.http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Schedule/Shedules/English_HH_Side_A_NT.pdf Census of India 2011; Household Schedule-Side A 22 January 2011 Government of India 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051028/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Schedule/Shedules/English_HH_Side_A_NT.pdf%20 live http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Schedule/Shedules/English_HH_Side_B_NT.pdf Census of India 201a1; Household Schedule-Side B 22 January 2011 Government of India 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051015/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Schedule/Shedules/English_HH_Side_B_NT.pdf%20 live Name of the person Relationship to head Sex Date of birth and age Current marital status Age at marriage Religion Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe Disability Mother tongue Other languages known Literacy status Status of attendance (Education) Highest educational level attained Working any time during last year Category of economic activity Occupation Nature of industry Trade or service Class of worker Non economic activity Seeking or available for work Travel to place of work Birthplace Place of last residence Reason for migration Duration of stay in the place of migration Children surviving Children ever born Number of children born alive during last one year National Population Register The National Population Register household schedule contained 9 questions.http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Schedule/Shedules/NPR%20English.pdf National population register; Household Schedule 22 January 2011 Government of India 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051040/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Schedule/Shedules/NPR%20English.pdf%20 live Name of the person and resident status Name of the person as should appear in the population register Relationship to head Gender Date of birth Marital status Educational qualification Occupation/Activity Names of father, mother and spouse Once the information was collected and digitised, fingerprints were taken and photos collected. Unique Identification Authority of India was to issue a 12-digit identification number to all individuals and the first ID have been issued in 2011.http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article362605.ece Census operation in history kicks off The Hindu 1 April 2010 1 April 2010 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225050957/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Biggest-Census-operation-in-history-kicks-off/article16343201.ece dead http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8598159.stm India launches biometric census BBC News 1 April 2010 1 April 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100401053517/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8598159.stm 1 April 2010 live Census report thumb|Decadal growth of Indian population (1901–2011).|left thumb|2011 census density map of India, by state and UT. Provisional data from the census was released on 31 March 2011 (and was updated on 20 May 2013).http://www.livemint.com/Politics/rmZay6rxYDggHLlKCaHPfN/Indias-total-population-is-now-121-crore.html India's total population is now 121 crore Mint 30 April 2013 Press Trust of India 26 February 2015 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051017/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/rmZay6rxYDggHLlKCaHPfN/Indias-total-population-is-now-121-crore.html live https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-population-2011-census-at-12-billion-160685-2013-04-29 It's official. We are the second most populous nation in the world at 1.2 billion India Today 30 April 2013 Press Trust of India 26 February 2015 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051131/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-population-2011-census-at-1.2-billion-160685-2013-04-30 live http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-04-30/news/38929876_1_urban-population-population-growth-highest-decadal-growth https://web.archive.org/web/20130503045326/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-04-30/news/38929876_1_urban-population-population-growth-highest-decadal-growth 3 May 2013 30 April 2013 Press Trust of India India's total population is now 1.21 billion The Economic Timeshttp://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indias-total-population-is-1-21-billion-final-census-reveals-520736 30 April 2013 Press Trust of India India's total population is 1.21 billion, final census reveals NDTV 26 February 2015 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051129/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indias-total-population-is-1-21-billion-final-census-reveals-520736 live Transgender population was counted in population census in India for the first time in 2011.http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/pakistan-counts-transgender-people-in-national-census-for-first-time/articleshow/56428364.cms https://web.archive.org/web/20170109213448/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/pakistan-counts-transgender-people-in-national-census-for-first-time/articleshow/56428364.cms 9 January 2017 9 January 2017 Reuters Pakistan counts transgender people in national census for first time The Times of Indiahttps://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/over-70000-transgenders-in-rural-india-up-tops-list-socio-economic-and-caste-census-2011-280664-2015 Over 70,000 transgenders in rural India, UP tops list: Census 2011 4 July 2015 India Today August 2026 InternetArchiveBot The overall sex ratio of the population is 943 females for every 1,000 males in 2011.https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sex-ratio-worsens-in-small-families-improves-with-3-or-more-children/articleshow/50989227.cms Sex ratio worsens in small families, improves with 3 or more children 15 February 2016 Subodh Varma The Times of India 15 April 2018 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051046/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sex-ratio-worsens-in-small-families-improves-with-3-or-more-children/articleshow/50989227.cms live The official count of the third gender in India is 490,000https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/First-count-of-third-gender-in-census-4-9-lakh/articleshow/35741613.cms First count of third gender in census: 4.9 lakh The Times of India 30 May 2014 Rema Nagarajan 16 August 2019 11 July 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190711052731/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/First-count-of-third-gender-in-census-4-9-lakh/articleshow/35741613.cms live Population Total 1,261,224,952 Males 653,724,568 Females 607,500,164Literacy Total 74% Males 82.10% Females 65.46%Density of populationper km2 382Sex ratioper 1000 males 943 femalesChild sex ratio (0–6 age group)per 1000 males 919 females Population The population of India as per 2011 census was 1,261,224,952.https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/why-activists-are-upset-with-census-disability-numbers/ Why activists are upset with Census disability numbers 15 June 2015 The Indian Express Zeeshan Shaikh 16 August 2019 27 March 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190327102355/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/why-activists-are-upset-with-census-disability-numbers/ live India added 181.5 million to its population since 2001, slightly lower than the population of Brazil. India, with 2.4% of the world's surface area, accounts for 17.5% of its population. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state with roughly 200 million people. Over half the population resided in the six most populous states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?iess1=0-6 Contemporary India - I NCERT 2022 978-81-7450-520-0 Revised New Delhi 48 en PDF https://web.archive.org/web/20231214000000/https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?iess1=0-6 PDF 14 December 2023 live ymd Alt URL Of the 1.21 billion Indians, 833 million (68.84%) live in rural areas while 377 million stay in urban areas.https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/About-70-per-cent-Indians-live-in-rural-areas-Census-report/article13744351.ece About 70 per cent Indians live in rural areas: Census report 15 July 2011 The Hindu Press Trust of India live https://web.archive.org/web/20161205073130/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/About-70-per-cent-Indians-live-in-rural-areas-Census-report/article13744351.ece 5 December 2016https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS Rural population (% of total population) | Data data.worldbank.org 16 August 2019 19 March 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230319224609/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS live 453.6 million people in India are migrants, which is 37.8% of total population.https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/tamil-nadu-kerala-daily-wages-migrant-population-4410694/ Every 3rd Indian migrant, most headed south 5 December 2016 The Indian Express Zeeshan Shaikh 16 August 2019 27 March 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190327101957/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/tamil-nadu-kerala-daily-wages-migrant-population-4410694/ live https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/minorityview/migration-in-india-is-still-largely-remains-a-social-rather-than-an-economic-phenomenon/ Migration in India still largely remains a social rather than an economic phenomenon 5 December 2016 The Times of India Pyaralal Raghavan 16 August 2019 11 September 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190911040533/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/minorityview/migration-in-india-is-still-largely-remains-a-social-rather-than-an-economic-phenomenon/ live https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/minorityview/migration-in-india-is-slowly-becoming-more-urban-and-driven-by-economic-factors/ Migration in India is slowly becoming more urban and driven by economic factors 10 December 2016 The Times of India Pyaralal Raghavan 16 August 2019 2 December 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191202202024/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/minorityview/migration-in-india-is-slowly-becoming-more-urban-and-driven-by-economic-factors/ live India is home to many religions such as Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism. It also is to several indigenous faiths and tribal religions which have been practiced alongside major religions for centuries. According to the 2011 census, the total number of households in India is 248.8 million. Of which 202.4 million are Hindu, 31.2 million are Muslim, 6.3 million are Christian, 4.1 million are Sikh, and 1.9 million are Jain.https://www.news18.com/news/india/248-8-million-households-across-india-202-mn-hindus-31-mn-muslims-1245845.html 248.8 Million Households Across India; 202 mn Hindus, 31 mn Muslims News18 India 20 May 2016 Press Trust of India 25 April 2021 25 April 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210425195843/https://www.news18.com/news/india/248-8-million-households-across-india-202-mn-hindus-31-mn-muslims-1245845.html live https://www.thequint.com/news/india/indian-muslim-family-size-shrinking-rapidly-census-report Indian Muslim Family Size Shrinking Rapidly: Census Report The Quint 21 May 2016 25 April 2021 25 April 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210425195842/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/indian-muslim-family-size-shrinking-rapidly-census-report live According to 2011 census, there are around 3.01 million places of worship in India.https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZXd6OysrQLMe5s2gERVhOO/India-has-more-places-of-worship-than-schools-or-colleges.html India has more places of worship than schools or colleges Mint 5 July 2016 Roshan Kishore 1 May 2021 1 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210501093232/https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZXd6OysrQLMe5s2gERVhOO/India-has-more-places-of-worship-than-schools-or-colleges.html live + Population distribution in India by statesBasic Population Figures of India and States, 2011 Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42555/download/46181/2011-IndiaState-0000.xlsx https://web.archive.org/web/20220510145218/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42555/download/46181/2011-IndiaState-0000.xlsx 10 May 2022 dead State / Union Territory (UT) Capital Type Population Males Females SexRatio http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final%20PPT%202011_progresstables.pdf Population Government of India (2011) Census of India dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120112151910/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final%20PPT%202011_progresstables.pdf 12 January 2012 Literacyrate (%) Population Areahttp://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Administrative_Divisions/Area_of_India.aspx Area ofIndia/state/district Government of India (2001) Census of India 27 October 2008 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225050954/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/CensusDataOnline_Login.aspx live (km2) Density (1/km2) DecadalGrowth%(2001–11) number % of totalhttp://www.censusindia.gov.in/Data_Products/Library/Provisional_Population_Total_link/PDF_Links/chapter3.pdf Ranking of States and Union territories by population size: 1991 and 2001 Government of India (2001) Census of India 5–6 12 December 2008 2 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192159/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Data_Products/Library/Provisional_Population_Total_link/PDF_Links/chapter3.pdf live Ruralhttp://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/prov_results_paper2_india.html Provisional Population Totals Government of India (2011) Census of India 23 July 2011 13 November 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131113152711/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/prov_results_paper2_india.html live Urban Uttar Pradesh Lucknow State 199,812,341 70 16.50 104,480,510 95,331,831 912 70 67.68 155,111,022 44,470,455 240,928 828 20.1% Maharashtra Mumbai State 112,374,333 70 9.28 58,243,056 54,131,277 929 70 82.34 61,545,441 50,827,531 307,713 365 16.0% Bihar Patna State 104,099,452 70 8.60 54,278,157 49,821,295 918 70 61.80 92,075,028 11,729,609 94,163 1,102 25.1% West Bengal Kolkata State 91,276,115 70 7.54 46,809,027 44,467,088 950 70 76.26 62,213,676 29,134,060 88,752 1,030 13.9% Andhra PradeshpreTG Hyderabad State 84,580,777 70 6.99 42,442,146 42,138,631 993 70 67.02 56,361,702 28,219,075 275,045 308 10.9% Madhya Pradesh Bhopal State 72,626,809 70 6.00 37,612,306 35,014,503 931 70 69.32 52,537,899 20,059,666 308,245 236 20.3% Tamil Nadu Chennai State 72,147,030 70 5.96 36,137,975 36,009,055 996 70 80.09 37,189,229 34,949,729 130,058 555 15.6% Rajasthan Jaipur State 68,548,437 70 5.66 35,550,997 32,997,440 928 70 66.11 51,540,236 17,080,776 342,239 201 21.4% Karnataka Bengaluru State 61,095,297 70 5.05 30,966,657 30,128,640 973 70 75.36 37,552,529 23,578,175 191,791 319 15.7% Gujarat Gandhinagar State 60,439,692 70 4.99 31,491,260 28,948,432 919 70 78.03 34,670,817 25,712,811 196,024 308 19.2% Odisha Bhubaneshwar State 41,974,218 70 3.47 21,212,136 20,762,082 979 70 72.87 34,951,234 6,996,124 155,707 269 14.0% Kerala Thiruvananthapuram State 33,406,061 70 2.76 16,027,412 17,378,649 1,084 70 94.00 17,445,506 15,932,171 38,863 859 4.9% Jharkhand Ranchi State 32,988,134 70 2.72 16,930,315 16,057,819 948 70 66.41 25,036,946 7,929,292 79,714 414 22.3% Assam Dispur State 31,205,576 70 2.58 15,939,443 15,266,133 958 70 72.19 26,780,526 4,388,756 78,438 397 16.9% Punjab Chandigarh State 27,743,338 70 2.29 14,639,465 13,103,873 895 70 75.84 17,316,800 10,387,436 50,362 550 13.7% Chhattisgarh Raipur State 25,545,198 70 2.11 12,832,895 12,712,303 991 70 70.28 19,603,658 5,936,538 135,191 189 22.6% Haryana Chandigarh State 25,351,462 70 2.09 13,494,734 11,856,728 879 70 75.55 16,531,493 8,821,588 44,212 573 19.9% Delhi Delhi UT 16,787,941 70 1.39 8,887,326 7,800,615 868 70 86.21 944,727 12,905,780 1,484 11,297 21% Jammu and Kashmir Jammu(winter)Srinagar(summer) State 12,541,302 70 1.04 6,640,662 5,900,640 889 70 67.16 9,134,820 3,414,106 222,236 56 23.7% Uttarakhand Dehradun State 10,086,292 70 0.83 5,137,773 4,948,519 963 70 79.63 7,025,583 3,091,169 53,483 189 19.2% Himachal Pradesh Shimla State 6,864,602 70 0.57 3,481,873 3,382,729 972 70 82.80 6,167,805 688,704 55,673 123 12.8% Tripura Agartala State 3,673,917 70 0.30 1,874,376 1,799,541 960 70 87.22 2,710,051 960,981 10,486 350 14.7% Meghalaya Shillong State 2,966,889 70 0.25 1,491,832 1,475,057 989 70 74.43 2,368,971 595,036 22,429 132 27.8% Manipur Imphal State 2,721,756 70 0.21 1,290,171 1,280,219 992 70 79.21 1,899,624 822,132 22,327 122 18.7% Nagaland Kohima State 1,978,502 70 0.16 1,024,649 953,853 931 70 79.55 1,406,861 573,741 16,579 119 −0.5% Goa Panaji State 1,458,545 70 0.12 739,140 719,405 973 70 88.70 551,414 906,309 3,702 394 8.2% Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar State 1,383,727 70 0.11 713,912 669,815 938 70 65.38 1,069,165 313,446 83,743 17 25.9% Puducherry Pondicherry UT 1,247,953 70 0.10 612,511 635,442 1,037 70 85.85 394,341 850,123 479 2,598 27.7% Mizoram Aizawl State 1,097,206 70 0.09 555,339 541,867 976 70 91.33 529,037 561,997 21,081 52 22.8% Chandigarh Chandigarh UT 1,055,450 70 0.09 580,663 474,787 818 70 86.05 29,004 1,025,682 114 9,252 17.1% Sikkim Gangtok State 610,577 70 0.05 323,070 287,507 890 70 81.42 455,962 151,726 7,096 86 12.4% Andaman and Nicobar Islands Port Blair UT 380,581 70 0.03 202,871 177,710 876 70 86.63 244,411 135,533 8,249 46 6.7% Dadra and Nagar Haveli Silvassa UT 343,709 70 0.03 193,760 149,949 774 70 76.24 183,024 159,829 491 698 55.5% Daman and Diu Daman UT 243,247 70 0.02 150,301 92,946 618 70 87.10 60,331 182,580 112 2,169 53.5% Lakshadweep Kavaratti UT 64,473 70 0.01 33,123 31,350 946 70 91.85 14,121 50,308 32 2,013 6.2% India 1,264,224,952 70 100 623,724,248 586,469,174 943 70 74.04 833,087,662 377,105,760 3,287,240 382 17.64% Religious demographics The religious data on India census 2011 was released by the Government of India on 25 August 2015.https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/indias-population-121-09-crores-hindus-79-8-pc-muslims-14-2-pc-census/ Census 2011: Hindus dip to below 80 per cent of population; Muslim share up, slows down Sagnik Chowdhury Abantika Ghosh Ruhi Tewari The Indian Express 26 August 2015 live https://web.archive.org/web/20150826001032/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/indias-population-121-09-crores-hindus-79-8-pc-muslims-14-2-pc-census/ 26 August 2015https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Census-2011-data-on-Population-by-Religious-Communities/article61777196.ece Muslim population growth slows Rukmini S Vijaita Singh 25 August 2015 The Hindu 16 August 2019 7 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190107231443/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Muslim-population-growth-slows/article10336665.ece livehttp://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html India Census 2011 Censusindia.gov.in 25 August 2015 13 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150913045700/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html live Hindus are 79.8% (966.3 million) while Sikhs are 20.8 million comprising 1.72% of the population,https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Religious-communities-Census-2011-What-the-numbers-say/article60301790.ece India's religions by numbers 26 August 2015 The Hindu 16 August 2019 15 November 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181115030444/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/religious-communities-census-2011-what-the-numbers-say/article7582284.ece live Muslims are 14.23% (172.2 million) in Indiahttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Muslim-representation-on-decline/articleshow/48737293.cms Muslim representation on decline The Times of India 31 August 2015 31 August 2015 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051023/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Muslim-representation-on-decline/articleshow/48737293.cms%20 live http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Hindu-population-declined-Muslims-increased-Census-2011/articleshow/48671407.cms Muslim share of population up 0.8%, Hindus' down 0.7% between 2001 and 2011 The Times of India 26 August 2015 24 July 2016 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051134/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Hindu-population-declined-Muslims-increased-Census-2011/articleshow/48671407.cms%20 live and Christians are 2.30% (28.7 million). According to the 2011 census of India, there are 57,264 Parsis in India.https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/where-we-belong-the-fight-of-parsi-women-in-interfaith-marriages-4900480/ Where we belong: The fight of Parsi women in interfaith marriages The Indian Express 24 October 2017 Ruhi Bhasin Ankita Dwivedi Johri Preeti Das 16 August 2019 11 March 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200311041351/https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/where-we-belong-the-fight-of-parsi-women-in-interfaith-marriages-4900480/ live https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Parsi-population-dips-by-22-per-cent-between-2001-2011-study/article14508859.ece Parsi population dips by 22 per cent between 2001–2011: study 26 July 2016 The Hindu Press Trust of India 16 August 2019 6 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190106014327/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Parsi-population-dips-by-22-per-cent-between-2001-2011-study/article14508859.ece live For the first time, a "No religion" category was added in the 2011 census.https://www.dailyo.in/lifestyle/lokayata-hinduism-atheist-india-religion-narendra-dabholkar/story/1/5954.html Why a Tinder date is better than 72 virgins in paradise DailyO 29 August 2015 Palash Krishna Mehrotra 16 August 2019 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051011/https://www.dailyo.in/lifestyle/lokayata-hinduism-atheist-india-religion-narendra-dabholkar/story/1/5954.html live 2.87 million were classified as people belonging to "No Religion" in India in the 2011 census,https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/against-all-gods-meet-the-league-of-atheists-from-rural-uttar-pradesh/ Against All Gods: Meet the league of atheists from rural Uttar Pradesh The Indian Express Hamza Khan 6 September 2015 16 August 2019 12 August 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180812150816/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/against-all-gods-meet-the-league-of-atheists-from-rural-uttar-pradesh/ live https://scroll.in/article/753475/people-without-religion-have-risen-in-census-2011-but-atheists-have-nothing-to-cheer-about People without religion have risen in Census 2011, but atheists have nothing to cheer about 7 September 2015 Shoaib Daniyal Scroll.in 16 August 2019 31 July 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190731052404/https://scroll.in/article/753475/people-without-religion-have-risen-in-census-2011-but-atheists-have-nothing-to-cheer-about live 0.24% of India's population of 1.21 billion.https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/2-87-million-Indians-have-no-faith-census-reveals-for-first-time/articleshow/48689278.cms 27 August 2015 Sivakumar B 2.87 million Indians have no faith, census reveals for first time The Times of India 16 August 2019 10 May 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190510014741/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/2-87-million-Indians-have-no-faith-census-reveals-for-first-time/articleshow/48689278.cms live https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-188-lakh-people-in-tamil-nadu-state-no-religion-in-2011-census-2118958 1.88 lakh people in Tamil Nadu state 'no religion' in 2011 census 27 August 2015 DNA India 16 August 2019 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051126/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-188-lakh-people-in-tamil-nadu-state-no-religion-in-2011-census-2118958 live Given below is the decade-by-decade religious composition of India until the 2011 census.http://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/hxXBcoatDPlDVgcjecQDfJ/Muslim-politics-At-a-crossroads.html Mint Muslim politics:At a crossroads 30 May 2014 Devendra Kumar 28 October 2014 6 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190106014338/https://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/hxXBcoatDPlDVgcjecQDfJ/Muslim-politics-At-a-crossroads.html live http://www.milligazette.com/news/6953-demographic-dividend-and-indian-muslims-i Demographic Dividend and Indian Muslims – i Aariz Mohammed 1–15 May 2013 Milli Gazette 15 May 2013 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051111/http://www.milligazette.com/news/6953-demographic-dividend-and-indian-muslims-i%20 live http://www.milligazette.com/print/issue/1-15-may-2013/11 Demographic Dividend and Indian Muslims – i Aariz Mohammed 1–15 May 2013 Milli Gazette 15 May 2013 12 August 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180812115038/http://www.milligazette.com/print/issue/1-15-may-2013/11 dead There are six religions in India that have been awarded "National Minority" status – Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Parsis.http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140121/jsp/nation/story_17847192.jsp National minority status for Jains The Telegraph (India) 20 January 2014 Press Trust of India https://web.archive.org/web/20140124170154/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1140121/jsp/nation/story_17847192.jsp#.UuKchS3fXWc 24 January 2014https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jains-become-sixth-minority-community-1954568 Jains become sixth minority community 21 January 2014 DNA India 16 August 2019 18 February 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190218001030/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jains-become-sixth-minority-community-1954568 live Sunnis, Shias, Bohras, Agakhanis and Ahmadiyyas were identified as sects of Islam in India.https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/ahmadiyyas-islam-sects-islam-ahmadiyyas-sect-ahmadiyyas-islam-islamic-sects-islam-india-ahmadiyya-legal-status-2011-census-india-population-india-news-2952701/ Zeeshan Shaikh Ahmadiyyas find place as Islam sect in census 4 August 2016 The Indian Express 16 August 2019 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051133/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/ahmadiyyas-islam-sects-islam-ahmadiyyas-sect-ahmadiyyas-islam-islamic-sects-islam-india-ahmadiyya-legal-status-2011-census-india-population-india-news-2952701/ live https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Protest-against-inclusion-of-Ahmediyyas-in-Muslim-census/articleshow/53645457.cms 11 January 2016 TNN Protest against inclusion of Ahmediyyas in Muslim census The Times of India 16 August 2019 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051052/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Protest-against-inclusion-of-Ahmediyyas-in-Muslim-census/articleshow/53645457.cms live https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/ahmadiyya-community-census-india-muslims-2954285/ Minority in a minority. The census acknowledges Ahmadis as Muslims. It is a recognition long overdue. 5 August 2016 The Indian Express 16 August 2019 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051103/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/ahmadiyya-community-census-india-muslims-2954285/ live As per 2011 census, six major faiths – Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains make up over 99.4% of India's 1.21 billion population, while "other religions, persuasions" (ORP) count is 8.2 million. Among the ORP faiths, six faiths – 4.957 million-strong Sarnaism, 1.026 million-strong Gond, 506,000-strong Sari, Donyi-Polo (302,000) in Arunachal Pradesh, Sanamahism (222,000) in Manipur, Khasi (138,000) in Meghalaya dominate.https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/india-religion-census-fewer-minor-faiths-in-india-now-finds-census-number-of-their-adherents-up-2946824/ subscription Fewer minor faiths in India now, finds Census; number of their adherents up 1 August 2016 The Indian Express Zeeshan Shaikh 16 August 2019 26 March 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230326035002/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/india-religion-census-fewer-minor-faiths-in-india-now-finds-census-number-of-their-adherents-up-2946824/ live Maharashtra is having the highest number of non-religious in the country with 9,652 such people, followed by Kerala.https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/o9Soxay5xhcsCiVJl7pTCM/God-versus-Atheism-Bengal-vouches-for-believers.html God versus Atheism, Bengal vouches for believers Soumonty Kanungo 10 August 2016 Mint 16 August 2019 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051028/https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/o9Soxay5xhcsCiVJl7pTCM/God-versus-Atheism-Bengal-vouches-for-believers.html live +Population trends for major religious groups in India (1951–2011)Hindu Muslim Population in India https://www.census2011.co.in/religion.php 2025-04-07 www.census2011.co.in Year Hindus Muslims Christians Sikhs Buddhists Jains Zoroastrians Atheists orother religion 1951 75 84.1 75 9.8 75 2.3 75 1.79 75 0.74 75 0.46 75 0.13 75 0.8 1961 75 83.45 75 10.69 75 2.44 75 1.79 75 0.74 75 0.46 75 0.09 75 0.8 1971 75 82.73 75 11.21 75 2.60 75 1.89 75 0.70 75 0.48 75 0.09 75 0.41 1981 75 82.30 75 11.75 75 2.44 75 1.92 75 0.70 75 0.47 75 0.09 75 0.42 1991 75 81.53 75 12.61 75 2.32 75 1.94 75 0.77 75 0.40 75 0.08 75 0.44 2001 75 80.46 75 13.43 75 2.34 75 1.87 75 0.77 75 0.41 75 0.06 75 0.8 2011 75 79.80 75 14.23 75 2.37 75 1.72 75 0.70 75 0.37 75 0.05 75 0.9 %± Change in growth rate since 1951 viz. (% in 2011)-(% in 1951)}/(% in 1951)]*100 5.12% 45.21% 3.04% 3.91% 5.41% 19.56% 61.53% 12.51% Language demographics Languages of India thumb|150px|Fastest growing languages of India — Hindi (first), Kashmiri (second), Gujarati & Meitei/Manipuri (third), Bengali (fourth) — based on 2011 census of India— What census data reveals about use of Indian languages https://www.deccanherald.com/india/what-census-data-reveals-about-use-of-indian-languages-738340.html 2023-11-16 Deccan Herald en 16 November 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231116215415/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/what-census-data-reveals-about-use-of-indian-languages-738340.html live — 2018-06-28 Hindi Added 100Mn Speakers In A Decade; Kashmiri 2nd Fast Growing Language https://www.indiaspend.com/hindi-added-100mn-speakers-in-a-decade-kashmiri-2nd-fast-growing-language-93096/ 2023-11-16 en 16 November 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231116215644/https://www.indiaspend.com/hindi-added-100mn-speakers-in-a-decade-kashmiri-2nd-fast-growing-language-93096/ live —Hindi fastest growing language in India, finds 100 million new speakers https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/hindi-fastest-growing-language-in-india-finds-100-million-new-speakers-118070200029_1.html 16 November 2023 16 November 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231116221313/https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/hindi-fastest-growing-language-in-india-finds-100-million-new-speakers-118070200029_1.html live —Hindi grew rapidly in non-Hindi states even without official mandate https://www.indiatoday.in/diu/story/hindi-grows-in-non-hindi-states-without-official-mandate-1936196-2022-04-11 2023-11-16 India Today 11 April 2022 en 16 November 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231116221422/https://www.indiatoday.in/diu/story/hindi-grows-in-non-hindi-states-without-official-mandate-1936196-2022-04-11 live The 2011 Census of India reported 121 languages having over 10,000 speakers, constituting 1.20billion (~99%) of the population, consolidated from 1,369 classified and 1,474 unclassified forms out of 19,569 raw mother tongue entries recorded from respondents.2018-07-01 More than 19,500 mother tongues spoken in India: Census https://indianexpress.com/article/india/more-than-19500-mother-tongues-spoken-in-india-census-5241056/ 2025-07-05 The Indian Express en Out of 121 languages, 22 languages designated as scheduled language of India, which spoken by 96.71 percent of population as mother tongue.More Than 19,500 Languages Spoken In India: Census https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/more-than-19-500-languages-spoken-as-mother-tongue-in-india-census-1876085 2025-07-05 www.ndtv.com en The language data was released on 26 June 2018.https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/hindi-mother-tongue-of-44-in-india-bangla-second-most-spoken/articleshow/64755458.cms Hindi mother tongue of 44% in India, Bangla second most spoken The Times of India 28 June 2018 Bharti Jain 27 June 2018 20 July 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180720174858/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/hindi-mother-tongue-of-44-in-india-bangla-second-most-spoken/articleshow/64755458.cms live As per census, 57.1% of Indian population know Hindi, in which 43.63% of Indian people have declared Hindi as their native language or mother tongue.https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/what-india-speaks-south-indian-languages-are-growing-not-fast-hindi-83823 What India speaks: South Indian languages are growing, but not as fast as Hindi 28 June 2018 The News Minute Haripriya Suresh 29 June 2018 16 February 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190216003937/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/what-india-speaks-south-indian-languages-are-growing-not-fast-hindi-83823 live https://scroll.in/article/884754/surging-hindi-shrinking-south-indian-languages-nine-charts-that-explain-the-2011-language-census Surging Hindi, shrinking South Indian languages: Nine charts that explain the 2011 language census Shoaib Daniyal Scroll.in 4 July 2018 5 July 2018 21 July 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180721110224/https://scroll.in/article/884754/surging-hindi-shrinking-south-indian-languages-nine-charts-that-explain-the-2011-language-census live However, the census takes the widest possible definition of "Hindi" as a broad variety of "Hindi languages" which is widely spoken language in northern parts of India.https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/hindi-the-first-choice-of-people-in-only-12-states/article27459774.ece Hindi the first choice of people in only 12 States Sumant Sen 4 June 2019 The Hindu 13 June 2019 6 June 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190606145751/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/hindi-the-first-choice-of-people-in-only-12-states/article27459774.ece live http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf Abstract of Speakers' Strength of Languages and Mother Tongues - 2011 Census of India 2011 - Paper 1 of 2018 - Language - India, States and Union Territories (Table C-16) Census of India 27 June 2018 27 June 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180627064326/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf dead Hindi is the fastest growing language of India, followed by Kashmiri in the second place, with Meitei (officially called Manipuri) as well as Gujarati, in the third place, and Bengali in the fourth place, according to the 2011 census of India. The 2011 census report on bilingualism and trilingualism, which provides data on the two languages in order of preference in which a person is proficient other than the mother tongue, was released in September 2018.http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-17/DDW-C17-0000.XLSX Census of India C-17 Population by Bilingualism and Trilingualism 4 October 2018 4 October 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181004104130/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-17/DDW-C17-0000.XLSX livehttps://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/after-mother-tongue-city-more-proficient-in-english-662470/ 2 October 2018 Bhartesh Singh Thakur The Tribune (Chandigarh) After mother tongue, city more proficient in English 4 October 2018 4 October 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181004103927/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/after-mother-tongue-city-more-proficient-in-english/662470.html live http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/C-Series/C-Series_link/DDWC-000018.pdf Census of India C-18 Population by Bilingualism, Trilingualism, Age and Sex 4 October 2018 21 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181221082819/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/C-Series/C-Series_link/DDWC-000018.pdf dead The number of bilingual speakers in India is 314.9 million, which is 26% of the population in 2011.https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/hindi-migrants-speaking-marathi-rise-to-60-lakh/articleshow/66061624.cms 4 October 2018 Sivakumar B Hindi migrants speaking Marathi rise to 60 lakh The Times of India 4 October 2018 5 October 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181005013624/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/hindi-migrants-speaking-marathi-rise-to-60-lakh/articleshow/66061624.cms live 7% of Indian population is trilingual.https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/52-of-indias-urban-youth-are-now-bilingual-18-speak-three-languages/articleshow/66530958.cms 52% of India's urban youth are now bilingual, 18% speak three languages 7 November 2018 Rema Nagarajan The Times of India 7 November 2018 8 November 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181108004342/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/52-of-indias-urban-youth-are-now-bilingual-18-speak-three-languages/articleshow/66530958.cms live Hindi, Bengali speakers are India's least multilingual groups.https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/hindi-bengali-speakers-indias-least-multilingual-groups/articleshow/66612384.cms Hindi, Bengali speakers India's least multilingual groups 14 November 2018 Rema Nagarajan The Times of India 14 November 2018 14 November 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181114020902/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/hindi-bengali-speakers-indias-least-multilingual-groups/articleshow/66612384.cms live +First, Second, and Third languages by number of speakers in India (2011 census) Language First languagespeakers Second languagespeakers Third languagespeakers Total speakers num.http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf Comparative Speakers'strength of Scheduled Languages - 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011 Census of India 2011 - Paper 1 of 2018 - Language - India, States and Union Territories (Table C-16) Census of India 27 June 2018 27 June 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180627064326/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf live % of total pop. num.https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-languagesintersect-in-india/story-g3nzNwFppYV7XvCumRzlYL.html How languages intersect in India Hindustan Times 22 November 2018 Vijdan Mohammad Kawoosa 26 November 2018 22 November 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181122091352/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-languagesintersect-in-india/story-g3nzNwFppYV7XvCumRzlYL.html live https://www.hindustantimes.com/static/iframes/language_probability_interactive/index.html How many Indians can you talk to? Hindustan Times 26 November 2018 22 November 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181122133636/https://www.hindustantimes.com/static/iframes/language_probability_interactive/index.html live % of total pop.Hindi528,347,19380 43.63139,207,18024,000,000692,000,00080 57.1English259,67880 0.0283,125,22146,000,000129,000,00080 10.6Bengali97,237,66980 8.39,037,2221,000,000107,000,00080 8.9Marathi83,026,68080 7.0913,000,0003,000,00099,000,00080 8.2Telugu81,127,74080 6.9312,000,0001,000,00095,000,00080 7.8Tamil69,026,88180 5.897,000,0001,000,00077,000,00080 6.3Urdu50,772,63180 4.3411,000,0001,000,00063,000,00080 5.2Gujarati55,492,55480 4.744,000,0001,000,00060,000,00080 5Kannada43,706,51280 3.7314,000,0001,000,00059,000,00080 4.94Odia37,521,32480 3.25,000,000390,00043,000,00080 3.56Punjabi33,124,72680 2.832,230,000720,00036,600,00080 3Malayalam34,838,81980 2.97500,000210,00036,000,00080 2.9Maithili13,063,04280 1.08400,000130,00013,583,46480 1.12Sanskrit24,82180 0.01 <0.01%1,230,0001,960,0003,190,00080 0.19 Literacy Any individual above age seven who can read and write in any language with an ability to understand was considered literate. In censuses before 1991, children below the age five were treated as illiterates. The literacy rate taking the entire population into account is termed as "crude literacy rate", and taking the population from age seven and above into account is termed as "effective literacy rate". Effective literacy rate increased to a total of 74.04% with 82.14% of the males and 65.46% of the females being literate.http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html Census Provional Population Totals 14 February 2013 The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051050/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html%20 live Effective literacy rate (1901–2011)February 20132016-10-13 Census 2011: Literacy Rate and Sex Ratio in India Since 1901 to 2011 https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/census-2011-literacy-rate-and-sex-ratio-in-india-since-1901-to-2011-1476359944-1 2024-07-27 Jagranjosh en S.No. Census year Total (%) Male (%) Female (%) 1 1901 5.35 9.83 0.60 2 1911 5.92 10.56 1.05 3 1921 7.16 12.21 1.81 4 1931 9.50 15.59 2.93 5 1941 16.10 24.90 7.30 6 1951 16.67 24.95 9.45 7 1961 24.02 34.44 12.95 8 1971 29.45 39.45 18.69 9 1981 36.23 46.89 24.82 10 1991 42.84 52.74 32.17 11 2001 64.83 75.26 53.67 12 2011 74.04 82.14 65.46 See also India Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 Demography of India Irreligion in India Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Other Backward Class Caste Census Notes References External links Census of India Official Website Data catalogues on Official Website Census tables on Official Website Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011 11 April 2010 Bhujbal, Munde pitch for OBC census en-IN The Hindu https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Bhujbal-Munde-pitch-for-OBC-census/article16365507.ece 24 July 2020 0971-751X Census of India, 2011 Category:Censuses in India Category:Political history of India Category:Manmohan Singh administration India