1994 San Marino Grand Prix

Formula One motor race held in 1994 July 2019 F1 1994 Pacific Grand Prix 1994 Monaco Grand Prix 1994 San Marino GP https://www.chicanef1.com/racetit.pl?year=1994&gp=San%20Marino%20GP&r=1 ChicaneF1 14 December 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20120503222401/https://www.chicanef1.com/racetit.pl?year=1994&gp=San%20Marino%20GP&r=1 3 May 2012San Marino Grand Prix 1994 results http://en.espn.co.uk/f1/motorsport/race/1939.html ESPN 14 December 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20160119023242/http://en.espn.co.uk/f1/motorsport/race/1939.html January 19, 2016 dead Italy San Marino 1 May 1994 3 16 14º Gran Premio di San Marino Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari, Imola, Emilia-Romagna, Italy Imola_Circuit_1980-1995_Layout.png 3.144 5.040 58 182.351 292.320 61 191.784 307.440 Sunny Ayrton Senna Williams-Renault 1:21.548 Brazil UK Damon Hill Williams-Renault 1:24.335 10 Michael Schumacher Benetton-Ford Germany Nicola Larini Ferrari Italy Mika Häkkinen McLaren-Peugeot Finland SMR The 1994 San Marino Grand Prix (formally the 14º Gran Premio di San Marino) was a Formula One motor race held on 1 May 1994 at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari, located in Imola, Italy. It was the third race of the 1994 Formula One World Championship. Michael Schumacher, driving for Benetton, won the race. Nicola Larini, driving for Ferrari, scored the first points of his career when he finished in second position. Mika Häkkinen finished third in a McLaren. Austrian rookie Roland Ratzenberger and Brazilian three-time world champion Ayrton Senna lost their lives in separate accidents during the event. In addition to the two fatalities, other incidents saw injuries to driver Rubens Barrichello plus several mechanics and spectators. The deaths were the first fatalities in the Formula One World Championship since the 1982 Canadian Grand Prix, and the first with two driver deaths since the 1960 Belgian Grand Prix. Senna was given a state funeral in his home town of São Paulo, Brazil, where around 500,000 people (some estimates put the number at 2 million) lined the streets to watch the coffin pass. Italian prosecutors charged six people with manslaughter in connection with Senna's death: Frank Williams, Adrian Newey, Patrick Head, Federico Bendinelli, Giorgio Poggi, and Roland Bruynseraede, all of whom were later acquitted.Newey Adrian How to Build a Car 2 November 2017 HarperCollins en The case took more than 11 years to conclude due to an appeal and a retrial following the original verdict of not guilty. These tragedies proved to be a major turning point in both the 1994 season, and in the development of Formula One itself, particularly with regard to safety. This led to a reforming of the Grand Prix Drivers' Association after a 12-year hiatus, and the changing of many track layouts and car designs. Since the race, numerous regulation changes have been made to slow Formula One cars down and new circuits incorporate large run-off areas to slow cars before they collide with a wall. As a result of increased standards in safety subsequent to this race, there were no fatalities for a period of 20 years from the deaths of Ratzenberger and Senna, a period which ended with the crash of Jules Bianchi at the 2014 Japanese Grand Prix which led to his death the following year. Background Heading into the third round of the season, Benetton driver Michael Schumacher was leading the World Drivers' Championship with 20 points; Jordan driver Rubens Barrichello was second on seven points, 13 points behind Schumacher. Behind Schumacher and Barrichello was Damon Hill in third place on six points, tied on points with Ferrari driver Gerhard Berger. Berger's teammate Jean Alesi was fifth on four points.F1 points tables – 1994 driver, constructor standings http://www.crash.net/f1/1994/championship/content.html https://web.archive.org/web/20160127023513/http://www.crash.net/f1/1994/championship/content.html dead 27 January 2016 crash.net Crash Media Group 18 January 2016 In the World Constructors' Championship, Benetton were leading on 20 points and Ferrari were second on ten points, with Jordan third on seven points. There were two driver changes heading into the race. JJ Lehto replaced Jos Verstappen at Benetton, the latter having replaced Lehto for the opening two races of the season due to an injury sustained by Lehto in pre-season testing. Jordan's Eddie Irvine, still serving a three-race suspension, was replaced with Andrea de Cesaris for this race.http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr551.html Grand Prix Results: San Marino GP, 1994 28 October 2006 GP Encyclopedia grandprix.com https://web.archive.org/web/20061030025149/http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr551.html 30 October 2006 livehttp://www.newspapers.com/clip/35431306/the_guardian/ Fittipaldi's Phoenix Win Points to Difficult Season for Mansell Henry Alan 1994-04-12 The Guardian en Newspapers.com 2019-08-30 https://web.archive.org/web/20190830163909/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35431306/the_guardian/ 30 August 2019 live Qualifying Friday On Friday, 29 April, during the first practice session,Andrew Longmore Ayrton Senna: The Last Hours https://www.thetimes.com/article/ayrton-senna-the-last-hours-hl30nd58kmj https://web.archive.org/web/20160113214021/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/formulaone/article2331237.ece 13 January 2016 The Times UK News International 31 October 1994 28 October 2006 live Rubens Barrichello, who was driving for Jordan at the time, hit a kerb at the Variante Bassa corner at 225 kph mph on, launching him into the air.Hamilton Maurice Frank Williams 1998 Macmillan 0-333-71716-3 232 He hit the top of the tyre barrier, and was knocked unconscious by an impact measured at 95 g. Barrichello's car rolled several times after landing before coming to rest upside down. Medical teams treated him at the crash site, and he was taken to the circuit's medical centre before being transferred to Maggiore Hospital in Bologna by helicopter for routine tests and observation to be carried out. Barrichello suffered a sprained wrist and broken nose. Barrichello's tongue blocked his airway during the crash and emergency work done by FIA doctor Sid Watkins saved his life. Barrichello regained consciousness and found Senna looking over him at the medical centre. After learning Barrichello had survived, Senna returned to his car and continued his practice session.Jones Dylan The last 96 hours of Ayrton Senna http://8w.forix.com/senna1994.html 8wforix 22 April 2011 9 September 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20121031101710/http://8w.forix.com/senna1994.html 31 October 2012 Barrichello returned to the race meeting the next day, although his broken nose and a plaster cast on his arm forced him to sit out the rest of the race weekend.Barrichello's great escape David Tremayne Mark Skewis Stuart Williams Paul Fearnley Motoring News News Publications Ltd. 5 April 1994Linden Julian 30 April 1994 Driver killed in Grand Prix qualifying United Press International https://www.upi.com/Archives/1994/04/30/Driver-killed-in-Grand-Prix-qualifying/1633767678400/ live 27 February 2022 27 February 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220227100629/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1994/04/30/Driver-killed-in-Grand-Prix-qualifying/1633767678400/ Ten years after the incident, Damon Hill, who drove for the Williams-Renault team at the time, described the feeling after the crash: "We all brushed ourselves off and carried on qualifying, reassured that our cars were tough as tanks and we could be shaken but not hurt."Damon Hill Had Ayrton foreseen his death? http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,12771-1077121,00.html https://web.archive.org/web/20160104210223/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/ 4 January 2016 The Times London News International 17 April 2004 28 October 2006 dead Despite a spin,Kapadia, Asif (director) 2010 Senna Motion picture United Kingdom, France Universal Pictures Senna’s Friday “Practice 1” time was 1:21.598, 1.157 s quicker than Damon Hill, 1.250 s quicker than Michael Schumacher and, 1.469 s quicker than Gerhard Berger. Saturday qualifying and death of Roland Ratzenberger 200px|thumb|Roland Ratzenberger was fatally injured in qualifying after crashing due to a front-wing failure. Eighteen minutes into the final qualifying session, Austrian driver Roland Ratzenberger failed to negotiate the Villeneuve curva in his Simtek, hitting the opposing concrete retaining barrier wall almost head-on.Collantine Keith 30 April 2014 How Ratzenberger's death stunned F1 https://www.racefans.net/2014/04/30/today-1994-ratzenbergers-death-stuns-f1/ 27 February 2022 RaceFans 27 February 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220227100639/https://www.racefans.net/2014/04/30/today-1994-ratzenbergers-death-stuns-f1/ live Ratzenberger, in his first season as a Formula One driver, had run over a kerb at the Acque Minerali chicane on his previous lap, the impact of which is believed to have damaged his front wing. Rather than return to the pit lane, he continued on another fast lap. As Ratzenberger's Simtek racer accelerated past 300 km/h for the first time since he had begun the previous lap, the front wing gave way to the air pressure, most likely due to failure of two bolts attaching the wing to the nose's underside, and snapped off. It was pushed under the car, thus lifting the front wheels off the asphalt. As a result, Ratzenberger could neither steer the car nor brake more than superficially with the rear wheels. Thrown out of control, the car continued straight ahead in the Villeneuve corner at a speed of 314 kph mph on.Cooper Adam 30 April 2021 Roland Ratzenberger: The inside story of the Imola weekend https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/roland-ratzenberger-imola-death/4786550/ 27 February 2022 Motorsport.com 12 March 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220312025511/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/roland-ratzenberger-imola-death/4786550/ live There were no tyre barriers or any other impact-absorbing installations in place at the Villeneuve curva, and the Simtek hit the bare concrete wall with a resulting force measured to be 500 g, the highest ever registered in F1.Brad Spurgeon 5 Years After Senna's Crash, Racing Is Safer – Some Say Too Safe: Imola Still Haunts Formula One http://www.iht.com/articles/1999/04/30/prix.2.t_1.php International Herald Tribune 30 April 1999 1 May 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20070912064134/http://www.iht.com/articles/1999/04/30/prix.2.t_1.php 12 September 2007 liveCollings Timothy 1 May 1994 F1 world left shaken by Ratzenberger's death S12 The Sunday Telegraph https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96542845/roland-ratzenberger-death-the-sunday/ 27 February 2022 Newspapers.com 27 February 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220227100752/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96542845/roland-ratzenberger-death-the-sunday/ live After the crash, the session was immediately stopped via red flag. Doctors were on the spot within a minute, and chief doctor Sid Watkins quickly joined them. After initially being taken by ambulance to the on-circuit medical centre, Ratzenberger was airlifted to the anaesthesia and resuscitation unit of Maggiore Hospital at 14:07 local time, the second driver to be admitted there during the weekend. He was found to have suffered three separate injuries, all fatal, due to the enormity of the impact: a basilar skull fracture, blunt trauma from the front left tyre penetrating the survival cell, and a ruptured aorta. It was determined he had died almost immediately upon impact.From the Vault: the tragic death of F1 driver Roland Ratzenberger in 1994 https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2014/may/01/roland-ratzenberger-formula-one-grand-prix-san-marino-ayrton-senna Paul Campbell The Guardian 1 May 2014 www.theguardian.com 20 December 2019Race Car Deaths: The Medical Causes of Racing Deaths with Examples and Resulting Race Car Improvements https://www.parathyroid.com/blog/race-car-deaths-medical-causes-racing-deaths www.parathyroid.com 20 December 2019 The session was restarted 48 minutes later, but several teams—including Williams and Benetton—took no further part.Campbell Paul 1 May 2014 From the Vault: the tragic death of F1 driver Roland Ratzenberger in 1994 The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2014/may/01/roland-ratzenberger-formula-one-grand-prix-san-marino-ayrton-senna 27 February 2022 24 March 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220324012535/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2014/may/01/roland-ratzenberger-formula-one-grand-prix-san-marino-ayrton-senna live Ratzenberger was confirmed dead as a result of his multiple injuries at 14:15 local time. His death marked the first Formula One race weekend fatality since the 1982 Canadian Grand Prix when Riccardo Paletti was killed. It had been eight years since Elio de Angelis died testing a Brabham car at the Circuit Paul Ricard. Professor Sid Watkins, then head of the Formula One on-track medical team, recalled in his memoirs Ayrton Senna's reaction to the news, stating that "Ayrton broke down and cried on my shoulder."Hamilton Maurice Frank Williams 1998 Macmillan 0-333-71716-3 234 Watkins tried to persuade Senna not to race the following day, asking "What else do you need to do? You have been world champion three times, you are obviously the quickest driver. Give it up and let's go fishing." Senna replied, "Sid, there are certain things over which we have no control. I cannot quit, I have to go on." Senna had qualified on pole position based on his lap time in Friday qualifying, having not set a time in the Saturday qualifying session following Ratzenberger's death.Craig Richard Ayrton Senna: The Messiah of Motor Racing Darton Longman & Todd 2012 176 978-0-232-52910-4 He was joined on the front row by Schumacher and Berger qualified in 3rd. Damon Hill was able to improve on his disastrous Friday session before the red flag, improving his time by one second and qualifying fourth as a result. A time posted by Ratzenberger before his fatal crash would have been sufficient for entry into the race starting from the 26th and final position on the grid. With Barrichello injured, Pacific's Paul Belmondo, the only driver to miss the cut, was promoted to the final position as the alternate by rule. However, on the ESPN broadcast in the United States, it was noted Belmondo declined to participate out of respect for Ratzenberger, and on the grounds that he had not earned that race spot and Ratzenberger had.1994 San Marino https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hULxaiM7FAI dead en 2019-08-30 14 February 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200214164239/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hULxaiM7FAI&gl=US&hl=en 140px|thumb|right|The Villeneuve kink, location of Ratzenberger's fatal crash.|alt= Aftermath Ratzenberger's death had one lasting legacy. On 1 May 1994, during the customary drivers' briefing, the remaining drivers agreed to the reformation of the Grand Prix Drivers' Association, with Senna, Gerhard Berger and Michael Schumacher as its first directors. The association subsequently pressed for improvements to car and circuit safety in the wake of Imola and other serious crashes during the 1994 season; for 2003, the FIA mandated the use of the HANS device, designed to prevent the type of injury suffered by Ratzenberger.https://f1chronicle.com/how-does-hans-device-work-formula-1-technology/ How Does HANS Device Work 8 January 2021 16 April 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210416140438/https://f1chronicle.com/how-does-hans-device-work-formula-1-technology/ live Qualifying classification Pos Position No Car number Driver Constructor Friday Time Saturday Time Gap Gap to the fastest driver Grid Final grid position 1 2 Brazil Ayrton Senna Williams-Renault 1:21.548 no time 1 2 5 Germany Michael Schumacher Benetton-Ford 1:22.015 1:21.885 +0.337 2 3 28 Austria Gerhard Berger Ferrari 1:22.113 1:22.226 +0.565 3 4 0 United Kingdom Damon Hill Williams-Renault 1:23.199 1:22.168 +0.620 4 5 6 Finland JJ Lehto Benetton-Ford 1:22.717 1:24.029 +1.169 5 6 27 Italy Nicola Larini Ferrari 1:22.841 1:23.006 +1.293 6 7 30 Germany Heinz-Harald Frentzen Sauber-Mercedes 1:23.119 no time +1.571 7 8 7 Finland Mika Häkkinen McLaren-Peugeot 1:23.611 1:23.140 +1.592 8 9 3 Japan 1947 Ukyo Katayama Tyrrell-Yamaha 1:24.000 1:23.322 +1.774 9 10 29 Austria Karl Wendlinger Sauber-Mercedes 1:23.788 1:23.347 +1.799 1011 10 Italy Gianni Morbidelli Footwork-Ford 1:23.663 1:24.682 +2.115 11 12 4 United Kingdom Mark Blundell Tyrrell-Yamaha 1:23.703 1:23.831 +2.155 12 13 8 United Kingdom Martin Brundle McLaren-Peugeot 1:24.443 1:23.858 +2.310 13 14 23 Italy Pierluigi Martini Minardi-Ford 1:24.078 1:24.423 +2.530 14 15 24 Italy Michele Alboreto Minardi-Ford 1:24.276 1:24.780 +2.728 15 16 9 Brazil Christian Fittipaldi Footwork-Ford 1:24.655 1:24.472 +2.924 16 17 25 France Éric Bernard Ligier-Renault 1:24.678 1:40.411 +3.130 17 18 20 France Érik Comas Larrousse-Ford 1:26.295 1:24.852 +3.304 18 19 26 France Olivier Panis Ligier-Renault 1:24.996 1:25.160 +3.448 19 20 12 United Kingdom Johnny Herbert Lotus-Mugen-Honda 1:25.114 1:25.141 +3.566 20 21 15 Italy Andrea de Cesaris Jordan-Hart 1:25.234 1:25.872 +3.686 21 22 11 Portugal Pedro Lamy Lotus-Mugen-Honda 1:26.453 1:25.295 +3.747 22 23 19 Monaco Olivier Beretta Larrousse-Ford 1:27.179 1:25.991 +4.443 23 24 31 Australia David Brabham Simtek-Ford 1:27.607 1:26.817 +5.269 24 25 34 France Bertrand Gachot Pacific-Ilmor 1:27.732 1:27.143 +5.595 25 26 33 France Paul Belmondo Pacific-Ilmor 1:28.361 1:27.881 +6.333 261 1 DNQ Did not qualify 14 Brazil Rubens Barrichello Jordan-Hart 14:57.323 no time +13:35.775 DNQ Did not qualify WD Withdrawn 32 Austria Roland Ratzenberger Simtek-Ford 1:27.657 1:27.584 +6.036 DNS Did not start2 2Source:AUTOCOURSE 1994–95 Hazleton Publishing Ltd 1994 1-874557-95-0 Henry Alan Alan Henry 128–1291994 San Marino Grand Prix - Overall Qualifying https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/1994/races/607/san-marino/qualifying-0.html 2020-10-22 Formula1.com en 26 April 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220426102825/https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/1994/races/607/san-marino/qualifying-0.html live 1 1 — Paul Belmondo, the first alternate, was permitted to replace Ratzenberger. The entry was withdrawn out of respect to Ratzenberger before the race start. 2 2 — Roland Ratzenberger suffered a fatal accident during qualifying, and the team withdrew the entry. Race First start crash The race took place Sunday afternoon from 14:00 CEST (UTC+2), in dry and sunny weather. Michele Alboreto was supposed to start 15th but started from the pit lane in the spare Minardi due to his race car developing a problem. At the start of the race, JJ Lehto stalled his Benetton on the grid. Pedro Lamy, starting from further back on the grid, had his view of the stationary Benetton blocked by other cars and his Lotus hit the back of Lehto's Benetton, causing bodywork and tyres to fly into the air. Parts of the car went over the safety fencing designed to protect spectators at the startline causing minor injuries to a police officer and eight spectators.A tragic weekend https://www.thetimes.com/article/a-tragic-weekend-26mm0dqfs3q https://web.archive.org/web/20160113214021/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/formulaone/article2333563.ece 13 January 2016 The Times London News International 19 April 2004 4 October 2012 live Gachot narrowly avoided striking Lamy's car. Lamy was uninjured and quickly exited his car unaided.Tremayne David David Tremayne June 1994 Black Sunday https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/june-1994/16/black-sunday Motor Sport LXX 6 542––546 registration 27 February 2022 2 September 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210902225804/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/june-1994/16/black-sunday live Further back, Martin Brundle overtook two cars as well as Lehto to move from thirteenth to tenth place. No stoppage of the race was declared as a result of the accident between Lehto and Lamy, but the safety car driven by Max Angelelli was deployed, with all the remaining competitors holding position behind it while travelling at a reduced speed. During this period, as a result of travelling at slower speeds, tyre temperatures dropped. At the drivers' briefing before the race, Senna, along with Gerhard Berger, had expressed concern that the safety car (itself only reintroduced in Formula One in 1993 and only the third time used since then, the other occurrences being the 1993 Brazilian Grand Prix and the 1993 British Grand Prix) did not go fast enough to keep tyre temperatures high. Senna was also worried by a procedure introduced at the 1994 Pacific Grand Prix, whereby the safety car would lead the grid on the formation lap, rather than letting the race leader dictate the pace of the formation lap. The procedure was removed for this race. The safety car chosen for the event, an Opel Vectra,Ciccarone Paolo 27 April 2018 Ricordando Senna. Quel giorno a Imola, con la morte in pista Remembering Senna. That day in Imola, with death on the track https://www.automoto.it/formula1/ricordando-senna-quel-giorno-a-imola-con-la-morte-in-pista.html it AutoMoto Italia 25 September 2020 8 February 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210208112128/https://www.automoto.it/formula1/ricordando-senna-quel-giorno-a-imola-con-la-morte-in-pista.html live traveled very slowly on the track, even when the reduced speeds of a safety car period were factored in, and Senna pulled alongside it several times, urging the driver to increase his speed. It was later learned the safety car's brakes had been overwhelmed and started fading on the first lap, and thus the driver had to reduce his speed to avoid the possibility of the safety car itself causing an accident.Rayment Tim Windsor Peter Peter Windsor Racing on Trial: What Killed Ayrton Senna? Car and Driver July 1997 128 43 1 During the safety car drive through, Érik Comas and Éric Bernard made contact such that Comas' car experienced a vibration. Comas made a pit stop to have the problem evaluated by his Larrousse pit crew.https://www.autosport.com/f1/feature/8165/imola-1994-memories-from-senna-rivals Imola 1994: Memories from Senna's rivals – F1 – Autosport Plus Kulta Heikki Rowlinson Anthony Gary Watkins Edd Straw Autosport.com en 2019-04-19 https://web.archive.org/web/20190419005053/https://www.autosport.com/f1/feature/8165/imola-1994-memories-from-senna-rivals 19 April 2019 live Restart, Senna death, and red flag Death of Ayrton Senna Once the track was reported clear of debris, the safety car was withdrawn and the race restarted at the conclusion of lap five. Jonathan Palmer, commentating alongside Murray Walker for the BBC, remarked how quick Schumacher was, as his time in the warm-up session on Sunday morning gave rise to speculation that he was going to make one pit stop and, therefore, race with a heavier car than Senna, who was planning to make two, as was conventional. Martin Brundle had told BBC Grandstand presenter Steve Rider that McLaren were going to make two pit stops. Senna and Schumacher immediately pulled away from Berger, who in turn, was ahead of Hill after Hill made a poor restart. On the seventh lap, the second lap at racing speeds after the stoppage, Senna was leading Michael Schumacher. Going at a speed of 305 km/h mph on 2, Senna's car could not take the turn at the Tamburello left corner, and, continuing in a straight line, struck the unprotected concrete barrier at a speed of 211 kph mph on, reduced as a result of the driver's effort to brake.Cascella Paola 13 March 1997 Senna Morte Al Computer Senna Death Of The Computer https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1997/03/13/senna-morte-al-computer.html?refresh_ce it La Repubblica 19 September 2020 15 November 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201115002245/https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1997/03/13/senna-morte-al-computer.html?refresh_ce live As was subsequently ascertained, Senna was killed instantly.The Death of Ayrton Senna Williams Richard Penguin UK 2010 9780141963914 Richard Williams (journalist) p. 154 When track officials examined the wreckage of Senna's racing car, they found a furled Austrian flag. Senna had planned to raise it after the race, in honour of Ratzenberger. Andrew Longmore Ayrton Senna: The Last Hours http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Fiw.newsbank.com%3AUKNB%3ALTIB&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=0F9242ED73BC537B&svc_dat=InfoWeb%3Aaggregated4&req_dat=63FF7C9CECF24CA8828B27BFD2B2546B The Times 30 31 October 1994 18 September 2020 15 September 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190915175608/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/0F9242ED73BC537B?p=UKNB live At 14:17 local time, a red flag was shown to indicate the race was stopped and FIA race doctor Sid Watkins arrived at the scene to treat Senna. When a race is stopped under a red flag, cars must slow down and make their way back to the pit lane or starting grid unless notified of a restart. This protects race marshals and medical staff at the crash scene, and allows easier access for medical cars to the incident. Approximately ten minutes after Senna's crash, the Larrousse team, which had been "concentrating on fixing [Comas's] car and didn't realise Senna had crashed", sent Comas to the end of the pit lane for release despite the circuit being closed under red flags.Why Did Senna Crash? Autosport 5 May 1994January 2016 Comas described "a big confusion about whether (he) could rejoin", and that eventually the pit lane marshal allowed him onto the race course. Marshals frantically waved him down as he approached the scene of the accident travelling at close to full speed.Watson, John (Commentator) 1994 Eurosport Live Grand Prix Television Eurosport Comas was able to stop his Larrousse racer before reaching the emergency vehicles and marshals on the track. Commentators Allard Kalff and Eurosport commentator John Watson were both appalled. Kalff commented: "Now this is ridiculous! I mean, how can that Larrousse get out of the pits when there's a red flag?!", and Watson supplemented: "I'm gobsmacked! I think that's the most ridiculous thing I have ever seen at any time in my life!". After seeing Senna's accident scene, Comas was so distressed that he withdrew from the race, and did not speak of what he witnessed for more than ten years. The pictures shown on the world feed, supplied by host broadcaster RAI, of Senna being treated were considered by the BBC, the corporation responsible for broadcasting the San Marino Grand Prix live to viewers in the United Kingdom, to be too upsetting for general viewing at the time (around 13:20 BST), and the BBC abandoned RAI's feed to focus on their own camera in the pit lane.Roger Horton There's Something about Murray http://atlasf1.autosport.com/2000/dec20/horton.html https://web.archive.org/web/20151104151027/http://atlasf1.autosport.com/2000/dec20/horton.html 4 November 2015 Autosport 2000 28 October 2006 Other broadcasters including ESPN and Nine Network took the BBC feed from the pit lane. BBC commentator Murray Walker has frequently talked about how upsetting it was to have to talk to viewers whilst avoiding mentioning the images shown on RAI. Referring to the number of times the incident was replayed on the world feed, Ferrari team principal Jean Todt stated that "even if you didn't want to watch it, you could barely fail to".Editorial David Tremayne Mark Skewis Stuart Williams Paul Fearnley Motoring News News Publications Ltd. 1917 3 5 April 1994 Waiting on pit lane, Martin Brundle reported that shortly after Senna's crash, televisions in garages were being switched off, but that reports were that Senna was okay. Senna was lifted from the wrecked Williams, and after approximately fifteen minutes of on-site medical attention, was airlifted directly to Maggiore Hospital, becoming the third and final driver to be admitted there during the weekend. Commentating for the Australian telecast, 1980 world champion Alan Jones remarked "that the local hospital [Maggiore Hospital] might think they're a MASH unit because that helicopter has been coming in quite frequently". Jones, Alan (Commentator) 1 May 1994 San Marino Formula One Grand Prix Television production Nine's Wide World of Sports Medical teams continued to treat him during the flight. Thirty-seven minutes after Senna's fatal crash, at 14:55 local time, the race was restarted.Baldwin Alan 1 May 2020 'Grim Sunday on a weekend that will be forever shrouded in sadness' - Ayrton Senna's death still seared into soul of F1 https://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/motor-sport/grim-sunday-on-a-weekend-that-will-be-forever-shrouded-in-sadness-ayrton-sennas-death-still-seared-into-soul-of-f1-39172402.html Irish Independent 19 September 2020 21 October 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201021115131/https://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/motor-sport/grim-sunday-on-a-weekend-that-will-be-forever-shrouded-in-sadness-ayrton-sennas-death-still-seared-into-soul-of-f1-39172402.html live Second start The race was restarted from the beginning of lap 6. The first five laps would be added to the second part of the race and the overall result would be decided on aggregate. The race ran to a total of 58 laps, five from the first section and 53 from the second section. On the second formation lap, Heinz-Harald Frentzen stalled the engine fitted to his Sauber whilst attempting to leave the grid and was forced to start from the pit lane. The other cars started from the grid in the order they were at the point the race was stopped. Michael Schumacher had a poor start because of wheelspin and Gerhard Berger took the lead on track — Schumacher still led the race overall due to the amount of time he was ahead of Berger before the race was stopped.3. San Marino https://www.statsf1.com/en/1994/saint-marin.aspx 27 February 2022 StatsF1 fr 27 February 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220227093032/https://www.statsf1.com/en/1994/saint-marin.aspx live Hill, from third, made contact attempting to overtake Schumacher at the Tosa corner, dropping Hill to the back of the field and was forced to make a pit stop in order to fit a new nose cone. Hill battled back to finish in sixth position.Hill Damon Grand Prix Year: The Inside Story of a Formula One Season Macmillan Publishers 1994 94 0-333-62308-8 Schumacher took the lead on track on lap 12 when Berger ran wide, before relinquishing the race lead overall to Berger when he made his first pit stop, confirming that his pace both before and after the red flag was down to his running a three-stop strategy, therefore racing with a lighter car. Berger made a pit stop at the end of lap 15 for his first of two scheduled stops, before retiring a lap later with handling problems. Mika Häkkinen led his first ever laps of a Formula One World Championship race, before he made a pit stop at the conclusion of lap 18. Following the first series of pit stops, Schumacher resumed the race lead on aggregate, overtaking Nicola Larini on track at Tosa. Schumacher's extra pace as a result of his lighter fuel loads meant he was able to pull out enough of a gap to Häkkinen which enabled him to make an extra pit stop. Häkkinen's pace was very slow, allowing Larini to leapfrog him when drivers who planned to make two pit stops made their final pit stops. A further three retirements occurred during this stage of the race: Gachot abandoned his car in the gravel at Acque Minerale turn following a reduction of oil pressure on the 25th lap, Brabham retired due to steering failure four laps later and Gianni Morbidelli retired from seventh position when his overheating Ford engine cut out exiting Tosa corner on lap 41. On lap 48, Michele Alboreto came in for a pit stop, but as he left, the rear-right wheel came loose from the Minardi as it left the pit lane, striking two Ferrari and two Lotus mechanics, who were left needing hospital treatment.https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/bce878a4cf6644229b928b8560885ff0 San Marino Grand Prix 1 May 1994 Rider Steve Walker Murray Palmer Jonathan Television production BBC London, United Kingdom 13 April 2021 26 April 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220426102830/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/bce878a4cf6644229b928b8560885ff0 dead Although Berger, Bernie Ecclestone and Niki Lauda went to race control to make a request for the event to be stopped, the request was rejected and the race was permitted to continue. Christian Fittipaldi, battling for fifth position with Ukyo Katayama's Tyrrell and Damon Hill's Williams, would eventually retire his Footwork due to a hardening brake pedal that saw him become beached in the gravel on lap 55. Towards the end of the race, Häkkinen's pace was so slow that Karl Wendlinger was catching him in the Sauber, aiming to give Sauber their first podium finish. However, Häkkinen was able to resist Wendlinger's challenge and finish in third place, with Wendlinger fourth, which proved to be Wendlinger's final points-scoring finish in his career. Ukyo Katayama finished fifth for Tyrrell and Hill was able to battle back to finish sixth, the last of the points-scorers. Michael Schumacher won the race ahead of Larini and Häkkinen, giving him a maximum 30 points after 3 rounds of the 1994 Formula One season. It was the only podium finish of Larini's career, and the first of just two occasions when he scored world championship points. Wendlinger rode back to the pits on Häkkinen's McLaren after Wendlinger's car broke down on the slowing-down lap. At the podium ceremony, out of respect for Roland Ratzenberger, who had died the day before, no champagne was sprayed. Race classification Pos Position No Car number Driver Constructor Laps Laps completed Time/Retired Grid Final grid position Points 1 5 Germany Michael Schumacher Benetton-Ford 58 1:28:28.642 2 10 2 27 Italy Nicola Larini Ferrari 58 + 54.942 6 6 3 7 Finland Mika Häkkinen McLaren-Peugeot 58 + 1:10.679 8 4 4 29 Austria Karl Wendlinger Sauber-Mercedes 58 + 1:13.658 10 3 5 3 Japan 1947 Ukyo Katayama Tyrrell-Yamaha 57 + 1 lap 9 2 6 0 UK Damon Hill Williams-Renault 57 + 1 lap 4 1 7 30 Germany Heinz-Harald Frentzen Sauber-Mercedes 57 + 1 lap 7 8 8 UK Martin Brundle McLaren-Peugeot 57 + 1 lap 13 9 4 UK Mark Blundell Tyrrell-Yamaha 56 + 2 laps 12 10 12 UK Johnny Herbert Lotus-Mugen-Honda 56 + 2 laps 20 11 26 France Olivier Panis Ligier-Renault 56 + 2 laps 19 12 25 France Éric Bernard Ligier-Renault 55 + 3 laps 17 13 9 Brazil Christian Fittipaldi Footwork-Ford 54 Brakes/Spun off 16 Ret Retired 15 Italy Andrea de Cesaris Jordan-Hart 49 Spun off 21 Ret Retired 24 Italy Michele Alboreto Minardi-Ford 44 Wheel 15 Ret Retired 10 Italy Gianni Morbidelli Footwork-Ford 40 Engine 11 Ret Retired 23 Italy Pierluigi Martini Minardi-Ford 37 Spun off 14 Ret Retired 31 Australia David Brabham Simtek-Ford 27 Spun off 24 Ret Retired 34 France Bertrand Gachot Pacific-Ilmor 23 Engine 25 Ret Retired 19 Monaco Olivier Beretta Larrousse-Ford 17 Engine 23 Ret Retired 28 Austria Gerhard Berger Ferrari 16 Suspension 3 Ret Retired 2 Brazil Ayrton Senna Williams-Renault 5 Fatal accident 1 Ret Retired 20 France Érik Comas Larrousse-Ford 5 Withdrew due to Senna’s crash 18 Ret Retired 6 Finland JJ Lehto Benetton-Ford 0 Collision 5 Ret Retired 11 Portugal Pedro Lamy Lotus-Mugen-Honda 0 Collision 22Source:1994 San Marino Grand Prix - Race Result https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/1994/races/607/san-marino/race-result.html 2020-02-08 Formula1.com en 31 August 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200831095314/https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/1994/races/607/san-marino/race-result.html live Post-race In the press conference following the race, Schumacher said "I can't feel satisfied, I can't feel happy" with his win following the events that had occurred during the race weekend.Thomsen Ian Driver Senna Killed https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/1994/05/02/driver-senna-killed/43772f2f-3111-45e7-968f-ed3887d054de/ The Washington Post 2 May 1994 8 January 2021 Two hours and twenty minutes after Schumacher crossed the finish line, at 18:40 local time, Dr. Maria Teresa Fiandri announced that Senna had died. The official time of death was given as 14:17 local time, meaning that he had been killed instantly.Dev Prithviraj F1: Controversial moments in the world's most elite motorsport https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/f1-controversial-moments-in-the-world-s-most-elite-motorsport-1490378696.html The Statesman 24 March 2017 8 January 2021 12 November 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201112005334/https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/f1-controversial-moments-in-the-world-s-most-elite-motorsport-1490378696.html live The autopsy recorded the cause of death as head injuries likely caused by an impact from a wheel and suspension.Ian Thomsen Williams Says Italy May Cite Steering in Senna's Death http://www.iht.com/articles/1995/02/11/prix_0.php International Herald Tribune 11 February 1995 28 October 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20061123015308/http://www.iht.com/articles/1995/02/11/prix_0.php 23 November 2006 live BBC Television commentator Murray Walker described it as "the blackest day for Grand Prix racing that I can remember".Race ace Senna killed in car crash https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/1/newsid_2479000/2479971.stm BBC News 1 May 1994 28 October 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20060923023405/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/1/newsid_2479000/2479971.stm 23 September 2006 live On 3 May, the FIA called a meeting at the request of the Italian Automobile Club to review the events of the weekend.https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing-the-dangers-in-sport-governing-body-calls-a-summit-fia-gathering-reports-on-formula-one-1433286.html The Dangers in Sport: Governing body calls a summit Allspop Derek 3 May 1994 The Independent https://web.archive.org/web/20160113214022/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing-the-dangers-in-sport-governing-body-calls-a-summit-fia-gathering-reports-on-formula-one-1433286.html 13 January 2016 live 3 May 2019 Later on, the governing body announced new safety measures for the next round in Monaco which included the entry and exit of the pit lane to be controlled by a curve to force cars to run at a reduced speed, no team mechanic would be allowed onto the pit lane surface except for pit stops and a draw would be arranged to determine the order in which cars make pit stops and be limited to emergencies with cars not taking on new tyres or allowed to refuel.Formula One makes 3 safety changes https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=APkhAAAAIBAJ&pg=3803,4185119&dq=1994+san+marino+gp&hl=en Reading Eagle 5 May 1994 D6 23 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20160113214021/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=APkhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=f6IFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3803,4185119&dq=1994+san+marino+gp&hl=en 13 January 2016 live Senna was given a state funeral in São Paulo, Brazil on 5 May 1994. Approximately 500,000 people lined the streets to watch the coffin pass. Senna's arch-rival Alain Prost was among the pallbearers.Champions carry Senna's coffin https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12674265.champions-carry-sennas-coffin/ The Herald 5 May 1994 8 January 2021 13 April 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220413120517/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12674265.champions-carry-sennas-coffin/ live The majority of the Formula One community attended Senna's funeral; however the president of the sport's governing body, the FIA, Max Mosley attended the funeral of Ratzenberger instead which took place on 7 May 1994 in Salzburg, Austria.Track Topics David Tremayne Mark Skewis Stuart Williams Paul Fearnley Motoring News News Publications Ltd. 5 April 1994 Drivers Gerhard Berger and Johnny Herbert were present as well. Mosley said in a press conference ten years later, "I went to (Ratzenberger's) funeral because everyone went to Senna's. I thought it was important that somebody went to his."Ratzenberger, Senna died during same weekend https://www.espn.com/racing/news/story?id=1787902 https://web.archive.org/web/20130519123920/http://sports.espn.go.com/rpm/news/story?id=1787902 19 May 2013 ESPN Alan Baldwin 22 April 2004 live 19 November 2012 thumb|The layout of the circuit was changed after the two fatal accidents at the 1994 event. The 1994 Imola layout, which had been in place since 1981,Imola https://www.statsf1.com/en/circuit-imola.aspx Stats F1 8 January 2021 20 January 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220120110418/https://www.statsf1.com/en/circuit-imola.aspx live was never again used for a Formula One race. The circuit was heavily modified following the race, including a change at Tamburello—also the scene of major accidents for Gerhard Berger (1989) and Nelson Piquet (1987)—from a high speed corner to a much slower chicane. The FIA also changed the regulations governing Formula One car design, to the extent that the 1995 regulations required all teams to create completely new designs, as their 1994 cars could not be adapted to them.Peter Wright Preview of 1995 Formula1 Cars http://www.grandprix.com/ft/ft00187.html grandprix.com 1995 28 October 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20061030034240/http://www.grandprix.com/ft/ft00187.html 30 October 2006 dead The concern raised at the drivers briefing the morning of the race, by Senna and Berger, would lead to the Grand Prix Drivers' Association reforming at the following race, the 1994 Monaco Grand Prix. The GPDA, which was founded in 1961, had previously disbanded in 1982. The primary purpose of it reforming was to allow drivers to discuss safety issues with a view to improve standards following the incidents at Imola. The front two grid slots at the Monaco Grand Prix that year, which were painted with Brazilian and Austrian flags, were left clear in memory of the two drivers who had lost their lives, while both Williams and Simtek entered only one car each. Additionally, a minute of silence was observed before the race.Collantine Keith Schumacher takes fourth win at subdued Monaco https://www.racefans.net/2014/05/15/1994-monaco-grand-prix-flashback/ RaceFans 15 May 2014 3 May 2019 29 July 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210729085607/https://www.racefans.net/2014/05/15/1994-monaco-grand-prix-flashback/ live Severe injuries to F1 drivers in May 1994 did not end with the San Marino Grand Prix. Two weeks after Imola, Karl Wendlinger suffered a shunt in practice at Monaco that left him comatose for several weeks with brain injuries and ended his 1994 season. Pedro Lamy suffered season ending broken bone injuries in a crash during a testing session at Silverstone on 24 May.https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing-lamy-in-horrifying-crash-at-silverstone-lotus-driver-breaks-kneecaps-and-thigh-as-car-1438481.html Motor Racing: Lamy in 'horrifying' crash at Silverstone: Lotus driver 25 May 1994 The Independent en 19 April 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190419020032/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing-lamy-in-horrifying-crash-at-silverstone-lotus-driver-breaks-kneecaps-and-thigh-as-car-1438481.html 19 April 2019 live On 28 May, during the second qualifying session for the Spanish Grand Prix, Ratzenberger's replacement Andrea Montermini crashed heavily and broke his ankles. In October 1996 the FIA set about researching a driver restraint system for head-on impacts, in conjunction with McLaren and Mercedes-Benz. Mercedes contacted HANS Performance Products, owned by sportscar racer Jim Downing and his brother-in-law, Michigan State University College of Engineering professor Robert Hubbard, with a view to adapting their device for Formula One. Developed by the family pair after the death Renault's United States motorsport sporting director in a Renault R5 during the 1981 IMSA GT Championship Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course test, Downing debuted the first prototype at the season-ending IMSA Daytona 3 Hours in 1986. Amateur sportscar racer Paul Newman was Downing's first customer in 1988. It was designed to restrain the head and neck in the event of an accident to avoid basal skull fracture, the injury which killed Ratzenberger. Initial tests proved successful, and at the 2000 San Marino Grand Prix the final report was released which concluded that the HANS should be recommended for use. Following a series of incidents in various motorsport series in the late 1990s where CART mandated its use on ovals (but not road courses, leading to the death of Gonchi Rodríguez in 1999), then a rash of NASCAR fatal crashes in 2000 and 2001 (most notably the death of Dale Earnhardt) led to their mandated usage in October 2001, the FIA made a head and neck restraint compulsory from the start of the 2003 season.http://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/championship/inside-f1/safety/helmets-hans-clothing/HANS.html https://web.archive.org/web/20150606003930/http://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/championship/inside-f1/safety/helmets-hans-clothing/HANS.html 6 June 2015 HANS Formula1.com 24 May 2012 Downing and Hubbard were inducted to the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2024 for their work in driver restraint systems. Senna was the last driver for twenty years to die in a Formula One accident, until the death of Jules Bianchi in 2015 from injuries sustained at the 2014 Japanese Grand Prix.DiZinno Tony http://motorsports.nbcsports.com/2015/07/17/jules-bianchi-dies-at-age-25-his-family-confirms/ https://web.archive.org/web/20160113214022/http://motorsports.nbcsports.com/2015/07/17/jules-bianchi-dies-at-age-25-his-family-confirms/ 13 January 2016 Jules Bianchi dies at age 25, his family confirms NBC Sports 18 July 2015 18 July 2015 However, three trackside marshals were killed during those years as a direct result of such crashes: Paolo Gislimberti at the 2000 Italian Grand Prix, Graham Beveridge at the 2001 Australian Grand Prix and Mark Robinson at the 2013 Canadian Grand Prix.https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/1203620.stm https://web.archive.org/web/20090301162432/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/1203620.stm 1 March 2009 F1's pressing safety question 5 March 2001 Charlie Henderson BBC Sport Online British Broadcasting Corporation live 20 November 2012 In the years that followed this tragic weekend it has since been revealed safety car driver Max Angelelli expressed concern of the suitability of the Opel Vectra safety car to then-FIA technical delegate Charlie Whiting particularly the lack of power, the poor general car handling and the suitability of the cars' brakes for that track. Angelelli further stated that his blood "ran cold' when he first saw it and that he had initially been given permission to switch to a significantly more powerful and better handling Porsche 911 which had been used for Porsche Supercup support race but this initial permission was rescinded on Saturday morning forcing Angelleli to use the underpowered Opel instead.Noble Jonathan Nugnes Franco The nightmares over Senna that would haunt Imola's Safety Car driver for years https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/nightmares-senna-haunt-imola-safety-car-driver-years/10605173/ www.motorsport.com Motorsport Network 1 May 2024 Launch control controversy Liverpool Data Research Associates (LDRA) were called in to investigate allegations of cheating using banned driving aids, such as traction control and launch control, both of which had been prohibited at the start of the year.https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14519704-200-may-the-best-driver-win/ May the best driver Win Louise Dalziel 25 March 1995 4 October 2024 New Scientisthttps://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/benetton-launch-control-fia-press-release/655/ https://web.archive.org/web/20190112095025/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/benetton-launch-control-fia-press-release/655/ PRESS RELEASE FROM THE FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE L'AUTOMOBILE (FIA) motorsport.com 29 July 1994 12 January 2019 dead The top three cars of Schumacher, Larini and Häkkinen were investigated and their teams were asked to surrender their systems' source code to the company.Rubython Tom The Life of Senna Second 1 May 2004 BusinessF1 Books 0-9546857-3-3 492–495 The Consequences for F1 Larini's team, Ferrari, complied in light of allegations that they were cheating, but Schumacher and Häkkinen's teams, Benetton and McLaren refused, claiming copyright reasons. After being fined $100,000 by the FIA, both teams complied eight days after the race. LDRA discovered that McLaren were running a program that permitted automatic gearshifts but the car was declared legal. Benetton sent an alternative suggestion to the company on 10 May 1994, which was accepted by LDRA five days later. Tests on the Benetton car were to be carried out on 28 June 1994, but were cancelled. The tests eventually took place on 6 July 1994. LDRA found the tests unsatisfactory. Benetton therefore complied with the original request to supply the source code, on 18 July 1994. Analysis of the software found that it included launch control. Benetton stated that "it can only be switched on by recompilation of the code." However, LDRA found this to be untrue; it could be switched on by connecting a computer to the gearbox control unit. Benetton conceded that this was possible but claimed that it "came as a surprise to them".https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/september-1994/14/benetton-in-the-dock/ Benetton in the dock Motor Sport September 1994 4 October 2024 London To switch the system on, the user was presented with a menu with 10 visible options. "Launch Control" was not among them, but if the user scrolled down to option 13, it could be enabled. However, LDRA concluded that the software likely was not used during the Grand Prix, leading the FIA to take no action against Benetton. Trial Death of Ayrton Senna Italian prosecutors brought legal proceedings against six people in connection with Senna's death. They were Frank Williams, Patrick Head and Adrian Newey of Williams; Fedrico Bendinelli representing the owners of the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari; Giorgio Poggi as the circuit director and Roland Bruynseraede who was race director and sanctioned the circuit.Hamilton Maurice Frank Williams 1998 Macmillan 0-333-71716-3 276 The trial verdict was given on 16 December 1997, clearing all six defendants of manslaughter charges.Agnew Paddy Williams acquitted as Senna trial ends https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/williams-acquitted-as-senna-trial-ends-1.138353 The Irish Times 17 December 1997 17 May 2020 23 September 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210923101843/https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/williams-acquitted-as-senna-trial-ends-1.138353 live The cause of Senna's accident was established by the court as the steering column breaking.Sippel Egmont Death of Senna: Seismic - and sinister? https://www.wheels24.co.za/News/Death-of-Senna-Seismic-and-sinister-20140501 Wheels24.co.za 1 May 2014 17 May 2020 31 August 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200831093407/https://www.wheels24.co.za/News/Death-of-Senna-Seismic-and-sinister-20140501 live The column had been cut and welded back together at Senna's request in order for him to be more comfortable in the car.http://www.benchapman.com/project/senna1.html Case Study No. 2, Ayrton Senna, death of a champion Course Safety and Emergency Response in Motor Sport Chapman, Ben Bachelor's thesis Monash University 6 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20160224062303/http://www.benchapman.com/project/senna1.html 24 February 2016 dead Following the court's decision, an appeal was lodged by the state prosecutor against Patrick Head and Adrian Newey. On 22 November 1999, the appeal absolved Head and Newey of all charges, stating that no new evidence had come to light (there was missing data from the black box recorder on Senna's car due to damage, and 1.6 seconds of video from the onboard camera of Senna's car was unavailable because the broadcaster switched to another car's camera just before the accident), and so under Article 530 of the Italian Penal Code, the accusation had to be declared as "non-existent or the fact doesn't subsist".http://www.ayrton-senna.com/s-files/apelindx.html Appeal absolves Head and Newey 28 October 2006 Senna Files ayrton-senna.com https://web.archive.org/web/20061102173640/http://www.ayrton-senna.com/s-files/apelindx.html 2 November 2006 live This appeal result was annulled in January 2003, as the Court of Cassation believed that Article 530 was misinterpreted,Senna death case back in court https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/2701713.stm https://web.archive.org/web/20150224191324/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/2701713.stm 24 February 2015 BBC Sport 28 January 2003 live 28 October 2006 and a retrial was ordered. On 27 May 2005, Newey was acquitted of all charges while Head's case was "timed out" under a statute of limitations.Top designers acquitted on Senna https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/4587195.stm https://web.archive.org/web/20151128051204/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/4587195.stm 28 November 2015 BBC Sport 27 May 2005 live 28 October 2006 The Italian Court of Appeal, on 13 April 2007, stated the following in the verdict numbered 15050: "It has been determined that the accident was caused by a steering column failure. This failure was caused by badly designed and badly executed modifications. The responsibility of this falls on Patrick Head, culpable of omitted control". Even being found responsible for Senna's accident, Patrick Head was not arrested, as the verdict was delivered past the Italian statute of limitation for manslaughter.http://www.gazzetta.it/Motori/Formula1/Primo_Piano/2007/04_Aprile/13/senna.shtml https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191037/http://www.gazzetta.it/Motori/Formula1/Primo_Piano/2007/04_Aprile/13/senna.shtml 2 January 2014 Senna, Head "responsabile" – Gazzetta dello Sport Gazzetta.it 4 June 2011 Championship standings after the race Drivers' Championship standings Pos Position Driver Points 1 GER Michael Schumacher 30 2 GBR Damon Hill 7 3 BRA Rubens Barrichello 7 4 AUT Gerhard Berger 6 5 ITA Nicola Larini 6Source:https://www.statsf1.com/en/1994/saint-marin/championnat.aspx San Marino 1994 – Championship • STATS F1 www.statsf1.com 20 March 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20181216044840/http://www.statsf1.com/en/1994/saint-marin/championnat.aspx 16 December 2018 live Constructors' Championship standings Pos Position Constructor Points 1 GBR Benetton-Ford 30 2 ITA Ferrari 16 3 GBR Williams-Renault 7 4 IRE Jordan-Hart 7 5 SUI Sauber-Mercedes6Source: See also Formula One Senna (film) References 30em External links En-1994 San Marino Grand Prix-article.oga 2007-02-25 http://www.cineca.it/sap/senna.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20150701080024/http://www.cineca.it/en/content/senna-car-accident Video of Senna's crash used in the Italian court case 1 July 2015 dead 16 August 2006 http://atlasf1.autosport.com/99/dec15/lupini.html https://web.archive.org/web/20160106070744/http://atlasf1.autosport.com/99/dec15/lupini.html AtlasF1's 'The Races we Remember' Series: The 1990s 6 January 2016 San Marino Grand Prix 1994 1994 Pacific Grand Prix 1994 Monaco Grand Prix 1993 San Marino Grand Prix 1995 San Marino Grand Prix San Marino Grand Prix Category:San Marino Grand Prix San Marino Grand Prix San Marino Grand Prix Category:Formula One controversies