1979 Tumaco earthquake

Earthquake near Colombia and Peru 1979 Tumaco earthquake 1979-12-12 07:59:05 654039 iscgem654039 1979 12 12 02:59:05 COT Colombia 8.2 w y IX 33 km on 1.598 -79.358 inline,title Megathrust Colombia, Ecuador $8 million 6 m on 300–600 An earthquake occurred at 02:59 local time 07:59 UTC on 12 December 1979, with the epicenter just offshore from the border between Ecuador and Colombia, near the port city of Tumaco. With a moment magnitude of 8.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), it triggered a major tsunami, which was responsible for most of the estimated 300–600 deaths. The hardest hit area was Colombia's Nariño Department.https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/4863 Significant Earthquake Information National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 10.7289/V5TD9V7K Tectonic setting Coastal parts of Ecuador and southern Colombia lie above the convergent boundary where the Malpelo plate subducts beneath the South American plate along the Colombia–Ecuador Trench. At this location the Malpelo plate, the microplate northeast of the Nazca plate, is moving to the east relative to South America at a rate of 58 mm per year. North of the Carnegie Ridge, the subduction interface has four recognisable segments, from south to north, the Esmeraldas, Manglares, Tumaco and Patia segments.Maraillou, B. Spence G. Collot J.-Y. Wang K. 2006 Thermal regime from bottom simulating reflectors along the north Ecuador-south Colombia margin: Relation to margin segmentation and great subduction earthquakes Journal of Geophysical Research 111 B12407 2005JB004239 n/a 2006JGRB..11112407M 10.1029/2005JB004239 free This plate boundary has been the location of several great historical earthquakes, most associated with damaging tsunamis. In 1906, a 5–600 km long segment of the plate interface ruptured, causing a M 8.8 earthquake (rupturing all four segments) and a trans-Pacific tsunami.Kanamori H. Hiroo Kanamori K.C. McNally Karen Cook McNally 1982 Variable rupture model of the subduction zone along the Ecuador-Colombia coast Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 72 4 1241–1253 ftp://ftp.gps.caltech.edu/pub/avouac/Ge277-2007-fall/KanamoriMcNally1982-Ecuador.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20160310140651/ftp://ftp.gps.caltech.edu/pub/avouac/Ge277-2007-fall/KanamoriMcNally1982-Ecuador.pdf 2016-03-10 dead 26 August 2012 Earthquake This event was the last of three earthquakes that ruptured adjacent parts of the plate interface, forming a northeastward migrating sequence. The 1942 earthquake ruptured the Esmeraldas segment, the 1958 earthquake ruptured the Manglares segment and the 1979 event ruptured the Tumaco and Patia segments. Together they ruptured the same part of the megathrust as the 1906 earthquake.White, S.M.M. Trenkamp R. Kellogg J.N. 2003 Recent crustal deformation and the earthquake cycle along the Ecuador-Colombia subduction zone Earth and Planetary Science Letters 216 3 231–242 http://web2.geol.sc.edu/agl/userfiles/file/White%20et%20al%20EPSL.pdf 25 August 2012 2003E&PSL.216..231W 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00535-1 https://web.archive.org/web/20110720041957/http://web2.geol.sc.edu/agl/userfiles/file/White%20et%20al%20EPSL.pdf 2011-07-20 dead The rupture area of the 1979 earthquake measured 280 km long by 130 km wide.Herd D.G. Youd T.L. T. Leslie Youd Meyer H. Arango J.L. Oerson W.J. Mendoza C. 1981 The Great Tumaco, Colombia Earthquake of 12 December 1979 Science 211 4481 441–445 1981Sci...211..441H 10.1126/science.211.4481.441 17816596 The earthquake was widely felt in both Ecuador (including Guayaquil, Esmeraldas and Quito) and Colombia (including Bogotá, Cali, Popayán and Buenaventura).Soloviev, S.L. Kim K. Catalog of Tsunamis in the Pacific, 1969–1982 DIANE Publishing 1997 131–132 978-0-7881-3931-4 https://books.google.com/books?id=umZ--INFYEEC&pg=PA158 27 August 2012 The coast in the epicentral region subsided by up to 1.6 m during the earthquake and the land movement locally disrupted river drainage.Restrepo, J.D. Kjerfve B. 2000 Water Discharge and Sediment Load from the Western Slopes of the Colombian Andes with Focus on Rio San Juan The Journal of Geology 108 1 17–33 http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/167/171.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20100619084554/http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/167/171.pdf dead 19 June 2010 25 August 2012 2000JG....108...17R 10.1086/314390 10618188 36366127 Tsunami The coast nearest the epicenter was hit by the first wave of the tsunami about three minutes after the earthquake. Three to four waves were observed, with the third being the highest. The third wave coincided with low tide, greatly reducing the extent of the inundation and the likely death toll. The maximum observed water height was 6.0 m at San Juan de la Costa, northeast of Tumaco. The tsunami was observed on the east coast of Japan, in Hawaii, Tahiti and Mexico.http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=4863&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display https://web.archive.org/web/20200630055228/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=4863&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display dead June 30, 2020 Comments for the Tsunami Event National Geophysical Data Center National Geophysical Data Center 25 August 2012 Damage The earthquake caused widespread damage, particularly in Tumaco, where about a tenth of all buildings were destroyed, including 1,280 houses, and 25 people were reported either dead or missing. The fishing village of Charco was almost completely destroyed by the tsunami, the waves washing the houses inland into a nearby lake. 93 of the original population of 4,000 were reported either dead or missing. The tsunami also destroyed all the houses in San Juan de la Costa, with 199 reported either dead or missing. The total death toll was estimated to be 500–600 with another 4,000 injured. Aftermath The damage caused by this earthquake and the 1983 Popayán earthquake, near central Colombia, led to the development of a national building code for earthquake-resistant structures for Colombia,http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/8_vol1_747.pdf Development of the Colombian Seismic Code García L.E. 1984 Proceedings of the Eighth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Earthquake Engineering Research Institute 747–754 25 August 2012 which came into law in 1984.http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/11_648.PDF Cost implications of drift controlled design of reinforced concrete buildings Garcia, L.E. Perez A. Bonacci J. 1996 Paper No. 548, Eleventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Elsevier 25 August 2012 See also List of earthquakes in 1979 List of earthquakes in Colombia List of earthquakes in Ecuador References PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog https://earthquake.usgs.gov/static/lfs/data/pager/catalogs/ September 4, 2009 United States Geological Survey Version 2008_06.1 External links 654039 expanded Ecuador Colombia Earth sciences Category:1979 earthquakes Category:1979 in Colombia Category:1979 in Ecuador Category:1970s tsunamis Category:December 1979 in South America Category:Megathrust earthquakes in Colombia Category:Megathrust earthquakes in Ecuador Category:Tsunamis in Colombia Category:Tsunamis in Ecuador