1812 in science

none 1812 science 1812 The year 1812 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Chemistry Humphry Davy publishes Elements of Chemical Philosophy in London. John Davy first describes the synthesis of phosgene.On a gaseous Compound of carbonic Oxide and Chlorine John Davy Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London 102 6 February 1812 144–151 10.1098/rstl.1812.0008 107310 free Friedrich Mohs introduces his system of classifying minerals and his scale of mineral hardness. Heinrich Vogel (1778–1867) recognizes that glucose is a product of hydrolyzing lactose.Vogel (1812). "Sur le sucre liquide d'amidon, et sur la transmutation des matières douces en sucre fermentescible" (On the liquid sugar of starch, and on the transformation of sweet materials into fermentable sugars). Annales de chemie et de physique series 1 82: 148–164, especially pp. 156–158; "Ueber die Verwandlung der Stärke und andrer Körper in Zucker" (On the conversion of starches and other substances into sugar). Annalen der Physik new series 42:123–134, especially pp. 129–131. Geophysics February 7 – The last New Madrid earthquake strikes New Madrid, Missouri, with an estimated moment magnitude of over 8. March 26 – An earthquake destroys Caracas, Venezuela. Mathematics, statistics and metrology February 11 – Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry invents gerrymandering. February 12 – Napoleon authorises the usage of Mesures usuelles, the basis of the Metric System. Pierre-Simon Laplace publishes Théorie analytique des probabilités in which he lays down many fundamental results in statistics. Medicine January – The New England Journal of Medicine is founded in Boston, by Dr John Collins Warren as the New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery and the Collateral Branches of Medical Science.Campion, E. The Journal from 1812 to 1989 The New England Journal of Medicine 2010 363 12 1175–1176 10.1056/nejme1009367 etal 20843253 free January 21 – John Parkinson and his father James first describe appendicitis and resultant peritonitis in English.Parkinson, J. Case of diseased appendix vermiformis Medico-Chirurgical Transactions 1812 3 57–58 10.1177/095952871200300105 20895178 2128895 Benjamin Rush publishes Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind in Philadelphia, the first textbook on psychiatry issued in the United States.261 James Barry qualifies as a medical doctor at the University of Edinburgh; born Margaret Ann Bulkley, this makes her the first British woman with such a qualification.http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/viewFile/130/425 Dr James Barry: The early years revealed 2008-04-03 Hercules Michael du Preez 2008-01-14 South African Medical Journal 98 4 https://web.archive.org/web/20120220134024/http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/viewFile/130/425 2012-02-20 live Cholera in Jessore, India. Coffee is banned in Sweden. Paleontology Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring publishes his description of Pterodactylus which he names Ornithocephalus antiquus.von Sömmerring S. T. 1812 Über einen Ornithocephalus oder über das unbekannten Thier der Vorwelt, dessen Fossiles Gerippe Collini im 5. Bande der Actorum Academiae Theodoro-Palatinae nebst einer Abbildung in natürlicher Grösse im Jahre 1784 beschrieb, und welches Gerippe sich gegenwärtig in der Naturalien-Sammlung der königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München befindet Denkschriften der Königlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-physikalische Classe München 3 89–158 Georges Cuvier publishes Recherches sur les ossements fossiles de quadrupèdes in Paris. Technology February 27 – British poet Lord Byron gives his first address as a member of the House of Lords, in defense of Luddite violence against Industrialism in his home county of Nottinghamshire. March 15 – Luddites attack the wool factory of Frank Vickerman in West Yorkshire, England. May 25 – Felling mine disaster: Coal mine explosion at Felling colliery near Jarrow, England – 96 dead. In the aftermath, physician William Reid Clanny invents a miners' safety lamp.Bettany George Thomas Clanny, William ReidClanny William Reid An account of the trial of Dr Reid Clanny's lamp in some Newcastle coal mines Annals of Philosophy VII 1816 368–373 https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15907865 August – Henry Bell's Comet begins a passenger service on the River Clyde in Scotland, the first commercially successful steamboat service in Europe.Clyde Pleasure Steamers Ian McCrorie Orr, Pollock & Co. Ltd Greenock 1-869850-00-9 1986 August 12 – The Middleton Railway, serving coal pits at Leeds in England, becomes the first to use steam locomotives successfully in regular service. The first locomotive, Salamanca, is also the first to use two cylinders and has a rack railway mechanism devised by John Blenkinsop and built by Matthew Murray.Bushell, J. The World's Oldest Railway: a history of the Middleton Railway 1975 Turntable Publications Sheffield 0-902844-27-X August 19 – War of 1812: Constitution defeats the British frigate Guerriere 1806 2 off the coast of Nova Scotia. British shot is said to have bounced off Constitution's sides, earning her the nickname "Old Ironsides". Philippe Girard invents a flax-spinning machine.1812 Bernard Grun The Timetables of History 3rd New York Simon and Schuster 1991 0-671-74919-6 381 registration https://archive.org/details/timetablesofhist1991grun The Old Oscar Pepper Distillery (the modern-day Labrot & Graham Distillery), the oldest Kentucky Bourbon whiskey distillery, is established along Glenn's Creek in Woodford County, Kentucky. Awards Copley Medal: Not awardedCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopædia Britannica 21 July 2020 Humphry Davy receives a knighthood Births March 12 – Joseph Prestwich, English geologist (died 1896) March 20 – Charles Vincent Walker, English telegraph engineer (died 1882) March 24 – Robert Gordon Latham, English ethnologist and philologist (died 1888) May 10 – William Henry Barlow, English railway civil engineer (died 1902) June 9 – Johann Gottfried Galle, German astronomer (died 1910) September 12 – Richard March Hoe, American inventor (died 1886) October 27 – Abraham Dee Bartlett, English zoologist (died 1897) Deaths February 24 – Étienne-Louis Malus, French physicist (born 1775) April 7 – Robert Willan, English dermatologist (born 1757) May 9 – Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert Sonnini de Manoncourt, French naturalist (born 1751) June 22 – Richard Kirwan, Irish scientist (born 1733) July 10 – Carl Ludwig Willdenow, German botanist (born 1765) References Category:19th century in science Category:1810s in science