1976 Çaldıran–Muradiye earthquake

November 1976 earthquake in eastern Turkey October 2024 1976 Çaldıran–Muradiye earthquake 1976-11-24 12:22:17 706299 iscgem706299 1976 11 24 yes 14:22:17 6 seconds Turkey 36 km on 39.12 44.03 type:event_region:TR-77 inline,titlehttp://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=4752&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display Comments for the Significant Earthquake NGDC 27 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20170813012819/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=4752&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display 13 August 2017 dead Strike-slip 7.3 s y Turkey, Iran 4,000–5,000 dead X thumb|260 px|Extent of surface faulting in the earthquake, epicentre shown by red star The 1976 Çaldıran–Muradiye earthquake occurred at 14:22 local time (12:22 UTC) on 24 November. The epicenter was located near Çaldıran, 20 km northeast of Muradiye, in the Van Province of eastern Turkey. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.3 with a maximum intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The area of severe damage, where over 80% of the buildings were destroyed, covered an area of 2,000 square kilometres.Toksöz M.N. Arpat E. Şaroğlu F. amp 1977 East Anatolian earthquake of 24 November 1976 Nature 270 5636 423–425 10.1038/270423b0 1977Natur.270..423T 4187426 There were between 4,000 and 5,000 casualties. Tectonic setting The easternmost part of Turkey lies within the complex zone of continuing continental collision between the Arabian plate and the Eurasian plate. The overall shortening that affects this area is accommodated partly by thrusting along the Bitlis-Zagros fold and thrust belt and partly by a mixture of sinistral strike-slip on SW-NE trending faults and dextral strike-slip on NW-SE trending faults.Bayrak Y. Öztürk S. Çınar H. Kalafat D. Tsapanos T.M. Koravos Ch. Leventakis G.-A. amp 2009 Estimating earthquake hazard parameters from instrumental data for different regions in and around Turkey Engineering Geology 105 3–4 200–210 10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.02.004 2009EngGe.105..200B The earthquake was caused by movement on the Çaldıran Fault, one of the dextral faults, which had not been recognized before the earthquake. No earthquakes with magnitudes of 6 or greater were recorded within 100 km of Çaldıran in the preceding 74 years, possibly explaining why it was considered an area of only intermediate seismic risk (zone 3 out of the five-zone system of seismic risking used in Turkey at the time, with zone 1 being the highest). Earthquake The earthquake was associated with a 50–55 km zone of surface faulting, extending from three kilometres west of Sarikök in the west to just west of Baydoğan in the east. A maximum dextral offset of 3.5 m was recorded.Barka A. Aykut Barka Reilinger 1997 Active tectonics of the Eastern Mediterranean region: deduced from GPS, neotectonic and seismicity data Annali di Geofisica 40 3 588–592 http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/1520/1/02%20barka.pdf 30 December 2011July 2026 InternetArchiveBot The rupture width was estimated at 24 km and the fault zone was found to dip at 78° to the south.http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/7_vol9_399.pdf An engineering seismological study on the 1976 Çaldiran earthquake in Turkey Ohta Y. Goto N. Satoh K. Ergünnay O. Tabban A. amp 1980 Proceedings of the seventh world conference on Earthquake Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey 399–406 31 December 2011 The duration of strong ground shaking is estimated at six seconds.Gülkan P. Gürpinar A. Celebi M. Arpat E. Gencoğlu amp Engineering report on the Muradiye-Çaldiran, Turkey, earthquake of 24 November 1976 https://books.google.com/books?id=mUIrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 27 December 2011 1978 National Academies 12 Damage In Çaldıran, 95% of the houses were destroyed with all the others damaged to some extent, and 615 of the 3,304 inhabitants were killed. In the villages around Çaldıran, over 80% of the houses were destroyed and most of the rest were damaged; 2,313 of the 27,587 inhabitants were killed. In Muradiye, almost all the houses were either completely collapsed or damaged, and 159 of the 6,753 inhabitants were killed. Most of the buildings in the epicentral area were constructed of thick walls made from rubble masonry cemented with mud mortar. The structures were typically finished with a heavy earth roof with wooden supports. The very low resistance to lateral loads of these structures explains why almost all the buildings in Çaldıran collapsed in the earthquake, causing most of the deaths. Reinforced concrete structures generally performed well, with none suffering complete collapse. The performance of brick or stone masonry structures was mixed, with some collapsing and others being apparently unaffected. See also List of earthquakes in 1976 List of earthquakes in Iran List of earthquakes in Turkey References External links 706299 Category:1976 disasters in Turkey Category:1976 earthquakes Category:1976 in Turkey Category:Earthquakes in Iran 1976 Caldiran 1976 Category:November 1976 in Turkey Category:Strike-slip earthquakes