1988 Soviet nuclear tests

none List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union 1988 Soviet Union Arkhangelsk, Russia; Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia; Yamalo-Nenets, Russia 1988 16 underground shaft, tunnel 150 ktTNT in 1987 Soviet nuclear tests 1989 Soviet nuclear tests 1988 Soviet nuclear tests The Soviet Union's 1988 nuclear test series was a group of 16 nuclear tests conducted in 1988. These testsA bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". V. N. Mikhailov Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing Begell-Atom, LLC http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm 2013-12-18 https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm 2014-04-26 dead followed the 1987 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1989 Soviet nuclear tests series. + Soviet Union's 1988 series tests and detonations Name The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known. Date time (UT) Local time zoneTo convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.Time Zone Historical Database iana.com http://www.ietf.org/timezones/ March 8, 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140311224729/http://www.ietf.org/timezones/ 2014-03-11 dead LocationRough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area. Elevation + height Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together. Delivery,Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.Purpose Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down. DeviceDesignations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed. YieldEstimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie). FalloutRadioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released. References Notes 692 - 1692 dmy 1988 2 6 04:19:09.13 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 168p 49.7664 78.0287 692 - 1 inline 000738738 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000050000 5 kt 692 - 2692 dmy 1988 2 6 04:19:09.1 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 168p 49.7664 78.0287 692 - 2 inline 000738738 m on + tunnel,safety experiment 000000010 1000 kg 692 - 3692 dmy 1988 2 6 04:19:09.1 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 168p 49.7664 78.0287 692 - 3 inline 000738738 m on + tunnel,safety experiment 000000010 1000 kg 693 - 1693 dmy 1988 2 13 03:05:08.28 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1361 49.93289 78.86705 693 - 1 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 001250000 125 kt 693 - 2693 dmy 1988 2 13 03:05:08.3 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1361 49.93289 78.86705 693 - 2 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 694694 dmy 1988 4 3 01:33:08.21 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1336 49.9076 78.90654 694 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 001350000 135 kt 695695 dmy 1988 4 22 09:30:09.44 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 704 49.7942 78.1 695 inline 000505629 m on – 124 m on tunnel,weapon effect 000023000 2.3 kt 696696 dmy 1988 5 4 00:57:09.15 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1359 49.94944 78.75028 696 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,fundamental science 001320000 132 kt 697 - 1697 dmy 1988 5 7 22:49:58.34 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-24 73.314 54.553 697 - 1 inline 000000100 m on – 300 m on tunnel,weapon effect 000800000 80 kt Venting detected on site, 1.2 kCi TBq on 697 - 2697 dmy 1988 5 7 22:49:58.3 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-24 73.314 54.553 697 - 2 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapon effect 000000000 unknown yield 697 - 3697 dmy 1988 5 7 22:49:58.3 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-24 73.314 54.553 697 - 3 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapon effect 000000000 unknown yield 698698 dmy 1988 6 14 02:27:09.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1421 50.02389 78.95924 698 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000040000 4 kt 699 Rubin 2 (Ruby)699 Rubin 2 (Ruby) dmy 1988 8 22 16:20:00.1 SVET (5 hrs) Yamalo-Nenets, Russia: RN-2 66.28 78.491 699 Rubin 2 (Ruby) inline 000000 – 830 m on underground shaft,seismic sounding 000150000 15 kt Seismic probing program. 700 Rubin 1 (Ruby)700 Rubin 1 (Ruby) dmy 1988 9 6 16:19:59.9 MSK (3 hrs) Arkhangelsk, Russia: RN-1 61.35986 48.09263 700 Rubin 1 (Ruby) inline 000000 – 800 m on underground shaft,seismic sounding 000085000 8.5 kt Seismic probing program. 701 Shaga (Steps)701 Shaga (Steps) dmy 1988 9 14 04:00:00.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1350 49.87867 78.82301 701 Shaga (Steps) inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,joint verification 001500000 150 kt The Soviet part of the Joint Verification Experiment. 702702 dmy 1988 10 18 03:40:09.16 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 34 49.7799 78.0079 702 inline 000733733 m on + tunnel,weapon effect 000060000 6 kt 703703 dmy 1988 11 12 03:30:06.27 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1412 50.0463 78.96793 703 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000150000 15 kt 704 - 1704 dmy 1988 11 23 03:57:08.99 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 169/1 49.7726 78.0378 704 - 1 inline 000489693 m on – 204 m on tunnel,weapons development 000190000 19 kt 704 - 2704 dmy 1988 11 23 03:57:09.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 169/1 49.7726 78.0378 704 - 2 inline 000693693 m on + tunnel,fundamental science 000000000 unknown yield 704 - 3704 dmy 1988 11 23 03:57:09.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 169/1 49.7726 78.0378 704 - 3 inline 000693693 m on + tunnel,safety experiment 000000010 1000 kg 705 - 1705 dmy 1988 12 4 05:19:53.3 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-27 73.366 55.001 705 - 1 inline 000000100 m on – 400 m on tunnel,weapons development 001400000 140 kt 705 - 2705 dmy 1988 12 4 05:19:53.3 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-27 73.366 55.001 705 - 2 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 705 - 3705 dmy 1988 12 4 05:19:53.3 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-27 73.366 55.001 705 - 3 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 705 - 4705 dmy 1988 12 4 05:19:53.3 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-27 73.366 55.001 705 - 4 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,weapon effect 000000000 unknown yield 705 - 5705 dmy 1988 12 4 05:19:53.3 MSK (3 hrs) NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-27 73.366 55.001 705 - 5 inline 000100100 m on + tunnel,safety experiment 000000010 1000 kg 706 - 1706 dmy 1988 12 17 04:18:09.24 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1346 49.881 78.92325 706 - 1 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000680000 68 kt 706 - 2706 dmy 1988 12 17 04:18:09.2 ALMT (6 hrs) Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1346 49.881 78.92325 706 - 2 inline 000330330 m on + underground shaft,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield 707 - 1707 dmy 1988 12 28 05:28:10.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 901p 49.80228 78.06551 707 - 1 inline 000710710 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000002000 200 t 707 - 2707 dmy 1988 12 28 05:28:10.0 ALMT (6 hrs) Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 901p 49.80228 78.06551 707 - 2 inline 000710710 m on + tunnel,weapons development 000000000 unknown yield note References RFNC-VNIIEF 1996 USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990 Sarov, Russia The official Russian list of Soviet tests. Podvig Pavel 2001 Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces MIT Press Cambridge, MA 9780262661812 https://books.google.com/books?id=CPRVbYDc-7kC&pg=PA453 January 9, 2014 Khalturin Vitaly I. Tatyana G. Rautian Paul G. Richards 2000 10.1007/pl00001153 Chemical explosions during 1961-1989 on the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan Pure and Applied Geophysics 158 143–171 128953780 http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/sgt/vitaly/VIKh_papers/chemex_at_STS2000.pdf December 13, 2013 March 4, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120004/http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/sgt/vitaly/VIKh_papers/chemex_at_STS2000.pdf dead Won-Young Kim Paul G. Richards Vitaly Andrushkin Vladimir Ovtchinnikov April 1, 2001 Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 LDEO http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/Monitoring/Data/Brv_arch_ex/brv_text_table.pdf December 13, 2013 Yang Xiaoping Robert North Carl Romney August 2000 CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3) SMDC Monitoring Research Nuclear explosions in the USSR: The North Test Site reference material, version 4 December 1, 2004 IAEA Dept. of Nuclear Safety and Security http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/waste-safety/north-test-site-final.pdf December 13, 2013 Thurber Clifford Chad Trabant Florian Haslinger Renate Hartog 2001 10.1016/s0031-9201(00)00215-6 Nuclear explosion locations at the Balapan, Kazakhstan, nuclear test site: the effects of high-precision arrival times and three-dimensional structure Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 123 283–301 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240373396_Nuclear_explosion_locations_at_the_Balapan_Kazakhstan_nuclear_test_site_the_effects_of_high-precision_arrival_times_and_three-dimensional_structure December 13, 2013 Andrushkin Vitaly V. William Leith September 1, 2001 The containment of Soviet underground nuclear explosions USGS Open File Report 01-312 https://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/pdf/USGSOFR01312.pdf December 13, 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130509080818/http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/pdf/USGSOFR01312.pdf May 9, 2013 1988 Category:1988 in the Soviet Union Category:1988 in military history Category:1988 explosions