2011 Lorca earthquake

Moderate 5.1 Mw earthquake in Spain September 2021 2011 Lorca earthquakeTerremoto de Lorca de 2011 Lorca earthquake.jpg The damaged Lorca-Sutullena railway station in Lorca Spain 2011-05-11 16:47:25 16505634 usp000j1en 11 May 2011 18:47:26 CEST (UTC+02:00) roughly 5 to 10 seconds 5.1 w y USGSEHB 16505634 1km 1.0 km mi onEHB 16505634 37.699 N 1.672 W type:event_scale:1000000 inline,title Oblique-Slip Fault Spain ~$1.5 Billions of US Dollars VIIISpain 2011 usp000j1en M 5.1 - Spain 0.367 ghttps://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/terremotos/paradojicos/elpepuesp/20110513elpepinac_4/Tes Los terremotos paradójicos El País 13 May 2011 Méndez Rafael none none 1 (4.5 L y)https://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake/earthquake.php?id=221122 Magnitude 4.5 – SPAIN – 2011-05-11 15:05 UTC EMSC 11 May 2011 11 May 2011 9 dead403 injuredhttp://earthquake-report.com/2012/01/09/catdat-damaging-earthquakes-database-2011-annual-review/ CATDAT Damaging Earthquakes Database 2011 – Annual Review Earthquake Report 9 January 2012 14 January 2012 18 November 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201118100459/https://earthquake-report.com/2012/01/09/catdat-damaging-earthquakes-database-2011-annual-review/ usurped The 2011 Lorca earthquake (es no Terremoto de Lorca de 2011) was a moderate 5.1 w y earthquake that occurred 18:47 CEST (16:47 UTC) on 11 May 2011,https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2011/usc0003c5s/ Magnitude 5.1 – Spain United States Geological Survey 11 May 2011 11 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110603070932/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2011/usc0003c5s/ 3 June 2011 dead near the town of Lorca, causing significant localized damage in the Region of Murcia, Spain, and panic among locals, and displacing many from their homes. The quake was preceded by a magnitude 4.4 (w y) foreshock at 17:05 (15:05 UTC), that inflicted substantial damage to many older structures in the area, including the historical Espolón Tower of Lorca Castle, the Hermitage of San Clemente and the Convent of Virgen de Las Huertas.M. Carmen Cruz https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20110511/minuto-minuto-dos-mujeres-embarazadas-entre-ocho-muertos-terremoto-lorca/431935.shtml Minuto a minuto: El funeral por las víctimas será esta tarde en el recinto de Santa Quiteria RTVE.es 12 May 2011El terremoto de Lorca causa la "mayor catástrofe" patrimonial en Europa en los últimos años es Three people were killed by a falling cornice.http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/terremotos/sacuden/Lorca/causan/muertos/elpepuesp/20110511elpepunac_38/Tes Dos terremotos sacuden Lorca y causan ocho muertos · ELPAÍS.com El País 11 May 2011 Elpais.com 12 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110520132158/http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/terremotos/sacuden/Lorca/causan/muertos/elpepuesp/20110511elpepunac_38/Tes 20 May 2011 live A total of nine deaths have been confirmed, while dozens are reported injured.Tremlett Giles Spain Shocked by Deadly Earthquake https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/12/spain-earthquake-havoc-questions 12 May 2011 The Guardian 12 May 2011 The earthquake was the worst to hit the region since a 5.0 Mw tremor struck west of Albolote, Granada in 1956.http://www.abc.es/20110511/sociedad/rc-seismo-lorca-causado-victimas-201105112010.html El seísmo de Lorca, el que ha causado más víctimas desde 1956 ABC EFE 11 May 2011 11 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110518150133/http://www.abc.es/20110511/sociedad/rc-seismo-lorca-causado-victimas-201105112010.html 18 May 2011 live EFE Geology left|thumb|Earthquake intensity map The magnitude 5.1 w y main shock occurred inland on 11 May 2011 at 18:47 local time (16:47 UTC) in the locality of Lorca, Spain, at a depth of 6.7 km mi on. Much of the southern Iberian Peninsula – in particular the Murcia Region – is located on a tectonic zone of common seismic activity, where a plate boundary separating the Eurasia and African plates is formed. However, most tremors in the region do not exceed perceptible magnitudes.https://www.europapress.es/sociedad/noticia-murcia-zona-habitual-movimientos-sismicos-no-dos-terremotos-registrados-miercoles-20110511195724.html Murcia es una zone habitual de movimientos sísmicos pero no de los dos terremotos registrados este miércoles Europa Press 11 May 2011 11 May 2011 The earthquake was estimated to be a direct result of strike-slip faulting near the major Alhama de Murcia fault,https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0003c5s.php#summary Magnitude 5.1 – Spain: Tectonic Summary United States Geological Survey 11 May 2011 11 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110608022652/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0003c5s.php 8 June 2011 dead 10.4401/ag-3455 1593-5213 46 5 775–791 Martínez-Díaz J. J. E. Masana J. L. Hernández-Enrile P. Santanach Effects of repeated paleoearthquakes on the Alhama de Murcia Fault (Betic Cordillera, Spain) on the Quaternary evolution of an alluvial fan system Annals of Geophysics 12 May 2011 2003 https://www.earth-prints.org/handle/2122/989 free along an unusually shallow fault of between 40 and 50 km mi on long. Local specialists also reported the presence of surface rupturing in the vicinity of the fault.http://www.abc.es/agencias/noticia.asp?noticia=813703 Los dos seísmos se deben a un deslizamiento horizontal de falla de Lorca ABC EFE 11 May 2011 11 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110911212812/http://www.abc.es/agencias/noticia.asp?noticia=813703 11 September 2011 dead EFE Due to the shallow depth, the earthquake resulted in significant shaking throughout much of Murcia. In Lorca, near the epicentre of the quake, strong ground motions registered a maximum intensity of VI on the Mercalli scale, while many adjacent areas reported moderate shaking (MM V). Widespread light tremors were observed in locations up to several hundred kilometers from the epicentre, including Alicante (MM III) and Madrid.Spain 2011 Did You Feel It? usp000j1en#dyfi thumb|right|Destruction in the church of Santiago after the earthquake Foreshock The earthquake was preceded by a magnitude 4.5 (ML) foreshock that struck very close to its epicentre at 17:05 local time (15:05 UTC). It was reported to be centred along the same fault zone, with a similar focal mechanism as the main shock. Though the tremor was relatively mild, some cracks and crumbled walls were reported, while downed power lines sparked a small fire in Lorca.http://www.teleprensa.es/murcia-noticia-297910-Un-terremoto-de-42C5-grados-con-epicentro-en-Lorca-sacude-la-Regi26oacute3Bn.html Un terremoto de 4,5 grados con epicentro en Lorca sacude la Región Teleprensa 11 May 2011 11 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110514184431/http://www.teleprensa.es/murcia-noticia-297910-Un-terremoto-de-42C5-grados-con-epicentro-en-Lorca-sacude-la-Regi26oacute3Bn.html 14 May 2011 dead Aftershock As of 11 May, at least eight light aftershocks were reported near the initial quake epicentres;http://www.abc.es/agencias/noticia.asp?noticia=813713 Los sismógrafos detectan varias réplicas tras el segundo terremoto de Lorca 11 May 2011 11 May 2011 ABC EFE https://web.archive.org/web/20121017033538/http://www.abc.es/agencias/noticia.asp?noticia=813713 17 October 2012 dead EFE the strongest registered a magnitude of 4.1 (ML) and occurred at 22:37 local time (20:37 UTC).https://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake/earthquake.php?id=221163 Magnitude 4.1 – SPAIN – 2011-05-11 20:37 UTC EMSC 11 May 2011 11 May 2011 Emergency management Shortly after the second earthquake struck, the Spanish government, at the request of regional government of Murcia, activated the Military Emergencies Unit, a branch of the Spanish Armed Forces responsible for providing disaster relief. 340 members from 3 battalions (based at Bétera, Torrejón de Ardoz and Morón de la Frontera) were dispatched to Lorca under the management of the Lieutenant Colonel of the Bétera battalion; these were later joined by army units.https://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/Ejercito/instala/hospital/campana/damnificados/terremoto/elpepuesp/20110512elpepunac_6/Tes El Ejército instala un hospital de campaña para los damnificados por el terremoto The army sets up a field hospital for those affected by the earthquake El País 12 May 2011 A field hospital was set up by the Military Emergencies Unit in the Plaza del Ayuntamiento where those injured were attended to by members of Protección Civil and the Red Cross. 500px|thumb|center|Consequences of the Lorca earthquakes in 2011. Mariano Zafra 13 May 2011 http://www.elpais.com/graficos/espana/Consecuencias/seismos/Lorca/elpepunac/20110513elpepunac_1/Ges/ Consecuencias de los seísmos en Lorca El País 13 May 2011 Spanish 20px earthquake epicentre 20px zones with damaged buildings 20px deaths Possible causes Several research groups investigated the cause of this earthquake. The Active Tectonics Group of the Complutense University of Madrid in collaboration with the Instituto Andaluz de Geofísica using tectonic evidences, InSAR analysis and seismological analysis of the rupture concluded that this earthquake was produced by the reactivation of a small section (3 km x 4 km) of the Alhama de Murcia Fault (AMF) Bousquet J.C. 1979 Quaternary strike-slip faults in southeastern Spain Tectonophysics 52 1–4 277–286 10.1016/0040-1951(79)90232-4 1979Tectp..52..277B located 3 km northeast of Lorca, Spain. These conclusions were published in the journal Tectonophysics (journal) in April 2012. The great damage produced by this moderate magnitude earthquake may be explained by the southwestward directivity of a shallow rupture that induced high acceleration values in Lorca village. Martínez-Díaz José J. Bejar-Pizarro Marta Álvarez-Gómez José A. de Lis Mancilla Flor Stich Daniel Herrera Gerardo Morales Jose 2012 Tectonic and seismic implications of an intersegment rupture. The damaging May 11th 2011 Mw 5.2 Lorca, Spain, earthquake Tectonophysics 546–547 28–37 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.04.010 2012Tectp.546...28M 10261/276856 http://eprints.ucm.es/25871/1/1-s2.0-S0040195112002156-01.jpg.pdf From the tectonic point of view this earthquake can be considered as an ordinary event coherent with the tectonic evolution and mechanical characteristics of the Alhama de Murcia Fault. In fact, similar earthquakes occurred in Lorca in the 16th and 17th centuries. Several research projects conducted during the last 25 years on this fault recognized the occurrence of much larger earthquakes (w y > 6.0) during the last 10,000 years. Ortuño C. Canora Masana M. E. García-Meléndez E. Martínez-Díaz J. J. Štěpančíková P. Cunha P. Sohbati R. Buylaert J.P. Murray A.S. 2012 An exceptionally long paleoseismic record of a slow-moving fault: The Alhama de Murcia fault (Eastern Betic shear zone, Spain) Geological Society of America Bulletin 124 9–10 1474–1494 10.1130/B30558.1 2012GSAB..124.1474O 10316/79929 free Other scientific research has suggested that the earthquake was caused by human activity. A team led by Pablo Gonzalez of the University of Western Ontario in Canada reported in the journal Nature Geoscience in October 2012 that the pattern of earth movement was consistent with changes in stresses caused by the removal of water from underground reservoirs.http://www.independent.ie/breaking-news/world-news/spanish-quake-was-manmade-study-3266682.html Spanish quake was man-made – study Irish Independent 21 October 2012The 2011 Lorca earthquake slip distribution controlled by groundwater crustal unloading Pablo J. González Kristy F. Tiampo Mimmo Palano Flavio Cannavó José Fernández Nature Geoscience 10.1038/ngeo1610 21 October 2012 5 11 821–825 2012NatGe...5..821G 10261/73773 free See also Spain Earth sciences List of earthquakes in 2011 List of earthquakes in Spain References External links 16505634 2011 Lorca earthquake Category:2011 in the Region of Murcia Category:2011 earthquakes Category:2011 disasters in Spain Category:Earthquakes in Spain 2011 earthquake Category:May 2011 in Europe